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　　（一）考點聚焦
　　1.題型特點
　　閱讀是理解和吸收書面信息的能力�！吨袑W(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱》規(guī)定，中學(xué)生應(yīng)側(cè)重培養(yǎng)閱讀理解能力。
　　閱讀材料的選取原則為：
　　（1）閱讀量不少于1000個單詞。近三年超過2000字篇數(shù)為5篇，讀速要求為44.2，44.6和46.3wpm。
　�。�2）題材多樣化，包括科普、社會、文化、政治、史地、經(jīng)濟、新聞報道乃至廣告說明。
　�。�3）體裁避免單一化，包括記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文等。
　　2.試題要求
　�。�1）掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節(jié)。
　�。�2）既理解具體的事實，也理解抽象的概念。
　�。�3）既理解字面意思，也理解深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖等。
　�。�4）既理解某句、某段的意義也理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，并據(jù)此進行推理和判斷。
　�。�5）能根據(jù)材料所提供的信息，結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識正確判斷生詞的含義。
　　3.基本能力
　�。�1）能迅速看準(zhǔn)每句的結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住主句的主語、謂語、賓語。
　�。�2）有一定的詞匯量和辨詞能力。
　　（3）能靈活運用所學(xué)語法知識，根據(jù)句中的某個詞迅速斷定真假、語態(tài)和時態(tài)等。
　　（4）對英美文化背景知識有一定了解。
　�。�5）有良好的思維能力，能邊看邊加工所得到的信息，從而作出正確分析、判斷和綜合。
　�。�6）有平時大量閱讀作基礎(chǔ)，有一定的語感和相當(dāng)?shù)拈喿x速度。
　�。ǘ�）應(yīng)試技巧點撥
　　1.四個步驟
　�。�1）速讀短文，了解短文的主旨大意，辨別文體，掌握結(jié)構(gòu)。
　�。�2）看題。了解考查內(nèi)容，帶著問題讀材料，尋找答案。
　�。�3）復(fù)讀。對所選答案有針對性地尋找支撐論點的關(guān)鍵信息。
　�。�4）核查。注意各題的答案應(yīng)邏輯一致，不能自相矛盾。盡可能找到（從文中）根據(jù)，確保正確無誤。
　　2.四個善于
　　（1）關(guān)于審題，找出文中依據(jù)。
　�。�2）善于尋找線索。
　　（3）善于抓主題句，解決概括題。
　�。�4）善于篩選、比較、衡量、綜合文章的有用信息。
　　3.三個避免
　�。�1）只見樹木不見林。
　�。�2）難題耗時太多。
　　（3）閱讀方式不當(dāng)。
　　
　　（三）精典范例
　　例1  （NMET  2001）
　　Shanghai: Car rentals（出租）are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads. Business people, foreigners and families alike are making good use of the growing industry.
　　The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game, with more than 11,500 cars in their books.
　　The largest player?Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices?deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are big favorite.
　　Firms can attract enough customers for 70 percent of their cars every month. This figure shoots up during holiday seasons like National Day, Labor Day and New Year's Day, with some recording 100 percent rental.
　　The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees（白領(lǐng)雇員），who can afford the new service, said Zhuang Yu, marketing manager of Shanghai Angel car Rental Co.
　　(   )1. The words "deluxe sedans","minivans"and "station wagons"used in the text refer to ___________.
　　A.cars in the making           B.car rental firms
　　C.cars for rent                D.car makers
　　(   )2. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
　　A. 70% of the cars can be rented out on holiday.
　　B. 70% of the customers are while-collar employees.
　　C. More firms are open for service during holiday seasons.
　　D. Some firms rent out all their cars during holiday seasons.
　　(   )3. Shanghai's car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to ___________.
　　A. better cars supplied by producers.
　　B. fast service offered by car rental firms.
　　C. the increasing number of white-collar emplioyees.
　　D. people's growing interest in travelling during holidays.
　　解析：
　　1.C。上文提到："Shanghai Bashi旅游車租賃中心"提供了廣泛豐富的選擇，可判斷選擇的內(nèi)容為可供租賃的車型。故選C。
　　2.D。文中提到的數(shù)據(jù)70%為"每月汽車租出量"，故A、B都不正確。"This figure shoots up during holiday seasons , with some recording 100 percent rental"判斷出D項陳述正確的，即"一些公司在節(jié)假日里能夠把汽車全部租出去。"
　　3.C。文章最后一段引用"汽車租賃中心市場經(jīng)理"（Zhuang Yu）的話解釋了上海汽車租賃行車迅猛發(fā)展的原因根源于"the growing population of white-collar employees"。故選C。
　　例2：（2004年全國卷II）
　　Rome had the Forum. London has Speaker's Corner. Now always?on?  the-go New Yorkers have Liz and Bill.
　　Liz and Bill, two college graduates in their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street corners. Just talk.
　　Using a 2-foot-tall sign that says,"Talk to Me."they attract conversatio- nalists, who one evening included a mental patient, and men in business suits.
　　They don't collect money. They don't push religion(宗教). So what's the point?
　　"To see what happens, said Liz."We simply enjoy life with open communication（交流）."
　　Shortly after the September 11,2001 attacks, they decided to walk from New York City to Washington, a 270-mile trip. They found they loved talking to people along the way and wanted to continue talking with strangers after their return.
　　"It started as a crazy idea,"Liz said."We were so curious about all the strangers walking by with their life stories. People will talk to us about anything: their jobs, their clothes, their childhood experiences, anything."
　　Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take. She had stopped by for the second time in two days, to let the two listeners know how it went.
　　Marcia had lost her husband to a serious disease."That was very heavy on my mind,"Marcia said."To be able to talk about it to total strangers was very good,"she explained.
　　To celebrate a year of talking, the two held a get-together in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year. A few hundred people showed up, as well as some television cameramen and reporters.
　　They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something they say they'll consider.
　　1. What did Liz and Bill start doing after September 2001?
　　A. Chatting with people.           B. Setting up street signs
　　C. Telling stories to strangers       D. Organizing a speaker's corner
　　2. What they have been doing can be described as         .
　　A. pointless       B. normal      C. crazy        D. successful
　　3. Why are Denise and Marcia mentioned in the text?
　　A. They knew Liz and Bill very well.
　　B. They happened to meet the writer of the text.
　　C. They organized the get-together in the city park.
　　D. They are examples of those who talked to Liz and Bill.
　　4. What will Liz and Bill do in the future?
　　A. Go in for publishing.            B. Do more television programs.
　　C. Continue what they are doing.    D. Spend more time reading books.
　　5. How do they like they idea of writing a book?
　　A. They have decided to wait a year or two
　　B. They will think about it carefully
　　C. They agreed immediately
　　D. They find it hard to do that
　　解析：
　　1.A。本篇講述了兩個大學(xué)畢業(yè)生與陌生人交談，傾聽人們向他們傾述的互惠的活動。文章從聯(lián)想開始，簡介Liz and Bill（這是兩個人的名字，又是交談與傾聽活動的名稱）做什么，怎樣開始的，效果如何，未來打算等，其中等六段和第七段是插敘（從shortly after到experiences, anything.），講述的就是兩個年輕人怎樣開始這一活動的。故選A項；開始與人聊天。
　　2.D。Liz and Bill活動很成功。從倒數(shù)第二段可知：為慶祝該活動一周所舉辦的聚會，有許多人參加，記者和攝影師都來了，說明很成功。
　　3.D。Liz和Bill同許多人談生活，傾聽過許多人跟他們談心，Denise和Marcia是其中的兩人。提到他們來做例子。
　　4.C。最后一段的前一句說明他們還想吸引更多的人來加入這一活動，與他們聊天。故選C。
　　5.B。本題問Liz和Bill怎么看待寫本書這回事，全篇最后一句可知，但本句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜。something是代詞，是a book的同位語，"they'll consider"是定語從句，"they say"起到插入語的作用。全句可譯為：有些出版商表達了給Liz和Bill 出本書的興趣，Liz和Bill說他們會考慮這件事。consider一詞可解釋為think about carefully，"something"指出書寫書。故選B。
　　例3：
　　My first reaction was annoyance. It was Friday afternoon, and I was within an hour of finishing my work for the week. As I was leaving, a nurse brought me one more patient message. The statement read: "Mrs.Jones called to say that she has had blurred vision（視覺模糊）ever since her medical test this morning."I smiled. Suddenly our tests were causing eye problems.
　　This week my patients had questioned everything. My patient with high blood pressure had stopped coming to her treatment on the advice of an Internet chat room. A woman who had a mental problem was substituting(用代替)St . John's word for her medication. Now Mrs. Jones was imagining problems. I rolled my eyes.
　　My second reaction was worry. As I looked through her record, I tried to figure out why she would have blurred vision, but nothing in her record explained the new problem. She's probably just anxious, I thought. Still, she wouldn't have called if she had been all right. I picked up the phone.
　　What I next felt can only be described as delight. Before I made the call, the nurse ran in: Mrs. Jones called. Her vision is fine. Turns out she picked up the wrong glasses when she left the office. The X-raytechnician has been having the same problem. I let out a laugh. Mrs. Jones had been right. Her vision had been blurred. Now we know why.
　　Finally I felt shame. I came to realize what Mrs. Jones had taught me. I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. Instead, my medical training had clouded mine. Now I me for my help. They pay me to listen, diagnose（診斷），treat and talk. That suggests trust; I must remember that, and trust them too.
　　1.The writer smiled while reading the patient message because he knew    .
　　A. Mrs. Jones would ask for more tests
　　B. the patient was being unreasonable
　　C. the nurse was joking with him
　　D. Mrs. Jones would call him
　　2. What had caused Mrs . Jones' eye problem?
　　A. Wrong glasses            B. Medical checkup.
　　C. Her own imagination       D. Chatting on the Internet
　　3.The underlined words"clouded her judgment"in the last paragraph probably mean      .
　　A. made her less trustful toward the doctor
　　B. put her in control of her own feelings
　　C. made her less able to think clearly
　　D. put her in a dangerous situation