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本文題目：高中英語課外閱讀：職業(yè)性格測(cè)試你了解幾分
True or False: These Tests Can Tell if You Are Right for This Job
職業(yè)性格測(cè)試 你了解幾分?
An applicant's handshake may be crucial at a job interview. But a personality test can tell a company what's behind that handshake.
在求職面試中，應(yīng)聘者在握手時(shí)的表現(xiàn)或許至關(guān)重要。不過，能讓企業(yè)了解到握手背后的真實(shí)情況的則是性格測(cè)試。
Companies as varied as electronics retailer HHGregg Inc., rental-car agency Avis Budget Group Inc. and Sprint Nextel Corp. all use personality tests to help assess job applicants for conscientiousness, extroversion or other traits that may be useful in forging a successful career偉or, alternatively, derail one.
電子產(chǎn)品零售商HHGregg、汽車租賃企業(yè)Avis Budget Group集團(tuán)以及通信公司Sprint Nextel等各類企業(yè)都在采用性格測(cè)試來考察求職者的責(zé)任心、外向性格以及其他可能有助于造就成功職業(yè)生涯(亦或毀掉職業(yè)生涯)的性格特征。
The questions are rarely straightforward, and neither are the answers. Psychology is involved, after all. Applicants may try to give answers they think the company wants to hear, and aren't likely to admit to character flaws or bad behavior. So there can be a great deal of opacity regarding what the questions are even measuring, psychologists say.
此類測(cè)試題極少直截了當(dāng)，其答案也是如此，畢竟其中涉及到了心理學(xué)。應(yīng)聘者可能會(huì)試圖給出他們認(rèn)為企業(yè)想聽到的回答，不大可能會(huì)承認(rèn)自己的性格缺陷或不良行為。許多心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，其后果是此類測(cè)試題所測(cè)試到的東西還非常不明確。
Moreover, test makers say a single answer holds little meaning in its own right and must be weighed alongside a series of other responses. For the best predictive results, companies often find out what traits their high performers display, and then test for those characteristics.
此外，出題者也指出，單單一個(gè)回答本身并沒有什么意義，必須把它與其他一系列回答放在一起考量。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)最佳的預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，企業(yè)常常找出其表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異的應(yīng)聘者表現(xiàn)出了什么性格特征，然后對(duì)這些特征進(jìn)行測(cè)試。
Here is a sampling of personality-test questions, what psychologists and test designers say about what each question is really looking for, and how the range of possible responses could be interpreted.
下文介紹了一些性格測(cè)試的樣題、心理學(xué)家與試題設(shè)計(jì)者對(duì)各測(cè)試題實(shí)際要考察的是什么、受試者的回答會(huì)如何被闡釋。
1. On television, I usually prefer watching an action movie than a program about art.
1. 看電視時(shí)，相比文藝節(jié)目，我一般更喜歡看動(dòng)作片。
A) Often
A) 經(jīng)常
B) ?
B) ?
C) Rarely
C) 很少
This question, from 16PF, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, addresses an applicant's preference for logic versus feelings and intuition, says Ralph A. Mortensen, chief psychologist of the test's publisher, the Institute for Personality and Ability Testing. Someone opting for an action flick may be more fact-focused, an important trait for analytical jobs. Those who answer 'rarely' may have more creative personalities. If they choose the question mark on B, it doesn't tell you much: Perhaps they do both an equal amount or perhaps they simply aren't sure.
這道測(cè)試題取自16種個(gè)性因素問卷(Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire，簡(jiǎn)稱“16PF”)，該測(cè)試題的發(fā)布者、人格及能力測(cè)試研究所(Institute for Personality and Ability Testing)的首席心理學(xué)家拉爾夫?A.莫滕森(Ralph A. Mortensen)稱，該題考查的是答題者對(duì)邏輯及感覺與直覺的偏好。喜歡看動(dòng)作片的人可能更注重事實(shí)，這是從事分析類工作的重要特質(zhì)。那些回答為“很少”的人可能更具有創(chuàng)造力。如果答題者選擇了B選項(xiàng)中的問號(hào)，其提供的信息量就不多，它可能表示答題者看動(dòng)作片與文藝節(jié)目的時(shí)間相差無幾，又或者是他們對(duì)此不確定。
2. True or False: People often expect too much of me.
2. 是非題：“大家常常對(duì)我期望過高。”
This question, from the California Psychological Inventory, indicates a test taker's 'conceptual fluency,' or ability to understand complex concepts, says Rich Thompson, director of research at test publisher CPP Inc. Someone who answers 'True' is likely to be easily overwhelmed and may not believe in his or her own talent.
這道題選自加州心理調(diào)查表(California Psychological Inventory)，該測(cè)試題的發(fā)布者CPP公司的研究主管里奇·湯普森(Rich Thompson)稱，該題能夠表明答題者的“概念流利性”，即理解復(fù)雜概念的能力�；卮馂�“是”的答題者可能容易被壓力壓垮、不相信自己的才能。
3. True or False: I like parties and socials.
3. 是非題：“我喜歡參加派對(duì)和社交。”
A 'True' response would be a positive sign for the 'sociability' scale, indicating an outgoing personality. But it's a negative for 'independence.' It could mean 'you like being part of a crowd,' Dr. Thompson says. 'And if you like being part of a crowd, perhaps you follow the crowd.'
回答為“是”可能表明你能在“社交能力”方面加分，表明你性格外向。但是，它會(huì)讓你在“獨(dú)立性”方面減分。湯普森博士稱，它可能表明“你喜歡成為大眾的一份子，而如果你喜歡融入大眾的話，或許你就容易隨大流”。
4. Select one statement that reflects the viewpoint most like yours. Then, from the remaining choices, select the one statement that least reflects your viewpoint.
4. 從以下選項(xiàng)中選擇最能反映你觀點(diǎn)的一句話。然后從剩余的選項(xiàng)中選出最不符合你觀點(diǎn)的一句話。
A. I don't necessarily need to define and control the agenda.
A.我不是非得規(guī)定和控制議程。
B. It's almost never necessary to hurt other people's feelings.
B.傷害他人的感情基本毫無必要。
C. I'm usually the first person to strike up a conversation with strangers.
C.我通常是最先與陌生人攀談的人。
D. I would never step over others in order to ensure my own success.
D.我絕不會(huì)踩著別人來保證自己獲得成功。
This question, from the Caliper Profile, measures someone's need to be controlling (A), as well as their sensitivity (B), gregariousness (C) and aggressiveness (D). The assessment, published by Caliper Corp., compares groupings of 23 personality traits. While some people may be deemed more sensitive than aggressive, based on their responses to this question, that doesn't mean they're pushovers. Other statements may reveal those same people are more aggressive than they are self-disciplined. 'It's all relative,' says Herb Greenberg, Caliper's founder and chief executive, and certain traits will be more important for certain jobs.
這道測(cè)試題選自Caliper Profile，它測(cè)試的是答題者的(A)控制欲、(B)情感敏感度、(C)合群程度以及(D)強(qiáng)勢(shì)性格。由Caliper公司發(fā)布的Caliper Profile評(píng)測(cè)對(duì)23種分組的性格特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了比較。根據(jù)答題者對(duì)這道題的回答，有些人可能會(huì)被認(rèn)為更加敏感而不夠強(qiáng)勢(shì)，但這并不代表他們就是軟弱之人。選擇其他選項(xiàng)可能表示這些人更加強(qiáng)勢(shì)而自我約束能力不強(qiáng)。Caliper公司的創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行長(zhǎng)赫布·格林伯格(Herb Greenberg)指出，這都是相對(duì)的，而且某些特質(zhì)在特定的工作崗位中更加重要。
5. True or false: I do many things better than almost everyone I know.
5. 是非題：“很多事情我都做得比我認(rèn)識(shí)的幾乎每一個(gè)人都要好。”
Responding 'True' to this question from the Hogan Personality Inventory could indicate confidence or arrogance, while a 'False' response conveys humility or insecurity, says Jarrett Shalhoop, senior consultant at Hogan Assessment Systems.
這道題選自Hogan Assessment Systems公司的霍根性格調(diào)查表(Hogan Personality Inventory)，該公司的高級(jí)顧問賈瑞特·夏爾胡普(Jarrett Shalhoop)稱，對(duì)這道測(cè)試題回答“是”可能表明答題者自信或自大，而回答為“否”傳達(dá)出的則是答題者的謙遜或不安全感。
6. True or false: I don't mind being told what to do.
6. 是非題：“我不介意別人告訴我要做什么。”
Someone saying 'True' may follow directions well, or in the extreme may be incapable of independent action. A 'False' response suggests autonomy, or could indicate the respondent is difficult to manage, Dr. Shalhoop says.
夏爾胡普稱，回答為“是”的人或許能夠很好地遵照指示，情況特別嚴(yán)重的人可能沒有能力獨(dú)自行動(dòng)�；卮馂�“否”的人表明其獨(dú)立，但也有可能表明其人難以管理。
7. Answer the following on a five-point scale, whether it is more true or more false.
7. 下列情況更符合還是更不符合你的實(shí)際情況，依照五分制為此評(píng)分。
'Is uneasy when receiving praise.'
“受到別人夸獎(jiǎng)時(shí)總是覺得不安。”
This statement, from the WorkPlace Big Five Profile 4.0, measures humility and pride, helpful in identifying confident, successful salespeople. Pride is important, but humility is valued more in academic or religious settings, says Pierce J. Howard, managing director of research and development at the Center for Applied Cognitive Studies, which created the profile. 'Spit and polish and charm are not going to do it for that sort of audience,' Dr. Howard says.
選自WorkPlace Big Five Profile 4.0的這道題測(cè)試的是謙遜或自豪的程度，有助于發(fā)掘自信成功的銷售人員。設(shè)計(jì)這份測(cè)試資料的應(yīng)用認(rèn)知研究中心(Center for Applied Cognitive Studies)的研發(fā)總經(jīng)理皮爾斯dinaJ.霍華德(Pierce J. Howard)稱，自豪是一種重要的特質(zhì)，但是謙遜在學(xué)術(shù)界或宗教界則更被看重。他說：“對(duì)于這方面的受眾來說，過分注重儀表和施展魅力不起作用。”
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