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本部分將常用易混詞和詞組歸納為127例，進行詳細的辨析，并舉例說明，以便于考生掌握使用。以下這些詞大部分出現(xiàn)在大綱詞表上，考生應在學習中特別注意加以區(qū)分。

(21)announce v. /declare v. /claim v.

announce的意思是“通知，宣布(結果，決定等)”;declare的意思是“宣布(公告，法律等)，聲明”;claim意為“聲稱，要求得到，認領”。

例：She announced that the singer would give one extra song.

她宣布歌手將再加唱一首歌。

The United States and China had declared their normalization of diplomatic relations.

中美雙方宣布了雙邊外交關系的正�；�。

They declared martial law in the mining communities.

他們宣布對礦區(qū)實行軍事管制。

If anybody owns this camera, will he or she please come forward and claim it?

請這部相機的失主前來認領。

She claims to be as good a pianist as Themelis!

她聲稱自己的鋼琴彈得與Themelis一樣棒。

(22)annoyed a. /upset a.

annoyed的意思是“不快的，惱火的”(比angry的程度要低)，從生氣的角度講不高興;upset的意思是“不高興，難過，不舒服”，從感到別扭的角度講不高興。

例：She was annoyed at your saying that.

你這么說讓她很不自在。

I’ll be quite upset now, if you don’t come.

如果你不來，我會很不安的。

(23)apparatus n. /instrument n. /device n. /appliance n.

apparatus主要指“器械，裝置，儀器，器官”;instrument主要指“儀器，工具，樂器”;device指“器具，裝置，儀表，手段”;appliance指“器具，器械，家用電器等”。

例：The television men set up their apparatus, ready to film.

攝制組的人架好機器準備開拍。

All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use.

手術前，所有手術器械必須消毒。

The television receiver is an electronic device.

電視接收機是一種電子設備。

The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances.

廚房裝備了現(xiàn)代化的炊事用具。

(24)appoint v. /assign v.

appoint的意思是“任命，指派，委任”，后多跟職位一類的名詞;assign的相關意思是“分配，分派，指定”，后多跟具體的工作。

例：They appointed him Minister of Education.

他們?nèi)蚊�他為教育部長。

She was appointed to the Chairmanship of the Committee.

她被任命為委員會的主席。

The problem was assigned to a commission.

這項任務交給了一個特別委員會去處理。

I assign you to wash the dishes.

我分配你去洗盤子。

(25)approach n. /method n.

這兩個詞都可以表示方法。approach常指“針對某一問題的解決處理方法”，后跟介詞to;method泛指“任何方法”，適用范圍比approach要廣，后常跟介詞of。

例：There is no very easy approach to mathematics.

數(shù)學研究上沒有什么捷徑。

It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the evening.

很奇怪，他們怎么會選擇這種方式來打發(fā)這個晚上。

(26)approve v. /permit v. /admit v.

approve指較正式地對某種事情表示認可、贊同或批準;permit指允許、不禁止某人干某事;admit指容納，允許進入，承認。

例：The mayoress approved the new building plans.

女市長批準了新建筑計劃。

She won’t permit dogs in the house. 她不準許家中有狗。

He was admitted to the commission. 他被該委員會接納。

(27)arise v. /arouse v.

arise是不及物動詞，意為“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)”;arouse是及物動詞，意為“引起，激起，喚起”。

例：A democratic movement has arisen. 一場民主運動應運而生。

We aroused him from his deep sleep. 我們把他從睡夢中喚醒。

(28)assemble v. /resemble v.

這兩個詞詞形與發(fā)音相近，assemble意為“集中，集合，裝配”;resemble意為“相像”。

例：People began to assemble on the platform. 人們開始向月臺聚集。

In that factory they can assemble a car in less than 15 minutes.

在那家工廠，工人們不到15分種就裝配好一部汽車。

Smith resembles his father very much in all his ways.

史密斯各方面都象他的父親。

(29)assure v. /ensure v. /insure v. /reassure v.

assure和ensure都有“保證，確保”之意。assure指十分肯定地向某人保證某事一定要發(fā)生，使其放心，因此后面往往跟人做賓語。ensure則強調(diào)能保證某種行為或某事件的結果一定發(fā)生。insure特指保險，替……做保險;reassure意為“使人放心，使人安心，再向……保證”。

例：I assure you of the reliability of the information.

我可以向你保證這消息是可靠的。

Ensure that it is written into your contract.

你得保證把這一點寫到合同中去。

Is your house insured against fire?

你的房子做了防火保險了嗎?

The woman was worried about the dangers of taking aspirins, but her doctor reassured her.

這名婦女擔心服用阿司匹林會帶來危險，她的醫(yī)生讓她放心，不會有危險的。

(30)assess v. /access n.

這兩個詞詞形與發(fā)音很相近，容易搞混。assess是動詞，意為“評估，估價”;access是名詞，意為“通路，能接近或使用”，后常跟介詞to。

例：The value of the property has been assessed at $70,000.

這處房產(chǎn)的估價為7萬美元。

They sent someone to assess the value of the factory.

他們派人去評估那家工廠的價值。

The only access to the building is along the muddy track.

通往那座建筑物的惟一通道就是這條泥濘的小路。

Only senior students have the access to this reading room.

只有高年級的同學才能進這間閱覽室。

(31)attach v. /stick v.

attach的主要意思是“附加，附著”，強調(diào)附加;stick的主要意思是“粘貼，貼附于，緊貼著，固定”，強調(diào)緊密。

例：Wires are then attached to the ends of the electrodes.

然后將導線接到電極的一端。

There was a nice little present for everyone, with a suitable poem attached.

每人都有一份禮物，每份禮物都附有一首得體的小詩。

Just stick 2 stamps on the envelope.

在信封上貼上兩張郵票。

He stuck a rose in his buttonhole.

他在扣眼里插了一枝玫瑰。

(32)attribute to/owe to/due to

attribute to意為“歸因于，認為是……的結果”;owe to意為“……應歸功于……”;due to意為“由于，因……造成，歸功于”，常用作表語或狀語。

例：Mr. Dolittle attributes his good health to careful living.

杜德先生把自己的健康體魄歸功于審慎的生活方式。

If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to you.

如果我有所進步的話，那應該歸功于你。

His absence was due to the storm.

由于風暴他未能出席。

He failed due to carelessness.

他的粗心導致了他的失敗。

(33)wake v. /awake v.&a. /waken v. /awaken v.

wake為動詞，意思是“叫醒，醒來，喚醒”;awake意為“醒來，叫醒”，作形容詞時意為“醒著”;waken是動詞，意為“叫醒，鬧醒”;awaken是動詞，意為“叫醒”，多用于引申意義“覺醒，引起”。這四個詞中最常用的是wake，尤其在口語中;awake和awaken多用其引申意義;awake常用作不及物動詞;awaken/waken多用作及物動詞。

例：My brother wakes at seven each morning.

我弟弟每天早上7點鐘醒來。

This at once awakened suspicion.

這馬上引起了大家的懷疑。

When he awoke Joseph was beside him.

當他醒來時，約瑟夫就在他身邊。

The national spirit awoke.

民族精神覺醒了。

She gently wakened the sleeping child.

她輕輕地叫醒熟睡的孩子。

(34)award v.&n. /prize v.&n.

award作動詞意為“發(fā)給……獎品等”，作名詞意為“獎品，獎金等”;prize作動詞意為“珍視”，作名詞意為“獎品，獎金”，也可以指“寶貴的物或人”，prize還可以作形容詞，意為“獲獎的”。

例：The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award.

奧林匹克冠軍獲得了金牌的獎勵。

They awarded him the Nobel prize.

他們?yōu)樗�頒發(fā)諾貝爾獎。

Prizes will be given for the three best stories.

三部最佳作品將獲獎。

Jane soon became popular for a prize rose.

簡因那枝獲獎玫瑰而遠近聞名。

As a secretary she was a prize.

她真是一個不可多得的秘書。

(35)aware a. /notice v.&n.

aware意為“意識到的，認識到的”，常用詞組be aware of;notice意為“注意到，察覺到”，notice還可以作名詞，意為“通知，注意”。

例：She was not aware of his presence till he spoke to her.

直到他跟她講話她才注意到他的存在。

She is politically aware.

她很有政治頭腦。

Did you notice anything else peculiar?

你有沒有注意到任何特別的東西?

They sent me a notice.

他們給我發(fā)了一個通知。

(36)behave v. /conduct v. /act v.

behave指人的行為、舉止和表現(xiàn)。本為不及物動詞，但用作此義時可與反身代詞連用;conduct與behave在作“行為”、“舉止”講時同義，但強調(diào)自我控制、約束;act作“行為”、“舉止”講時，為不及物動詞，不能和反身代詞連用。

例：The child behaved (himself)badly at the party.

那孩子在聚會上的表現(xiàn)很差。

She conducted herself stoically in her time of grief.

她悲傷時，表現(xiàn)出奇的冷靜。

She acts like a born leader.

她的舉止象個天生的領導。

(37)blame v. /scold v.

blame的意思是“責備，怪罪，埋怨”;scold的意思是“(厲聲)責罵，斥責”。

例：I don’t blame you, I blame myself.

我不怪你，我怪我自己。

He blamed his failure on his teacher.

他把自己的失敗歸咎于他的老師。

Her father scolded her for being too free with the soldiers.

她父親斥責她與這些兵交往太隨便。

(38)breed v. /feed v.

breed意為“養(yǎng)殖，培育，繁殖，教養(yǎng)”;feed意為“喂養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)”。

例：Some animals will not breed when kept in cages.

有些動物關在籠子里就會很難繁殖。

Many farmers breed cows and sheep.

許多農(nóng)民養(yǎng)牛和羊。

She was feeding the baby with porridge.

她正用粥喂自己的寶寶。

The cows were feeding quietly in the meadows.

牛群在草地上靜靜地吃草。

(39)burden n. /load n.

burden意為“負擔，包袱，擔子”，多為貶義;load意為“裝載物，負荷，工作量”，也可指“思想上的負擔，壓力”。

例：They don’t want to add to the government’s burden.

他們不想給政府添包袱。

He was faced with the severe financial burden.

他面臨著嚴重的財政負擔。

The bridge has been built to support very heavy load.

建這座橋是為了使重載車也能通過。

The load on her mind grew lighter.

她的思想負擔輕了許多。

(40)campaign n. /champion n.

這兩個詞詞形與發(fā)音相近，容易弄混。campaign意為“(競選)運動，戰(zhàn)役”;champion意為“冠軍”。

例：The Germans were defeated in the campaign in North Africa.

德國人在北非戰(zhàn)役中打了敗仗。

The Party suggested a renewed campaign to raise production and practise economy.

該黨建議發(fā)起新的一輪運動來提高生產(chǎn)，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟。

The champion issued a challenge to all other boxers to fight him.

拳擊冠軍向所有其他拳擊手發(fā)出挑戰(zhàn)。

(41)canal n. /channel n. /tunnel n.

canal意為“運河等人工開鑿的河流”;channel的意思是“海峽，渠道”，頻道;tunnel的意思是“隧道，地道”。

例：The big canal was completed in five years.

修建這條大運河花了5年時間。

The English Channel separates France from England.

英吉利海峽將英法兩國隔開。

You should go through the official channels if you want the government to help.

如果你想得到政府的幫助，你就必須通過官方渠道。

The railroad passes under the mountain through a tunnel.

鐵路經(jīng)隧道從大山下面通過。

(42)candidate n. /applicant n. /competitor n. /representative n.

candidate意為“候選人，應征者”;applicant意為“申請人”;competitor意為“競賽對手”;representative意為“代表”。

例：This time our candidate got 260 votes.

這一次我們的候選人獲得了260張選票。

There were three applicants for the job.

這項工作有3個人申請。

Tell the competitors for the next race to come here.

告訴下一項比賽的參賽者到這里來。

James is our representative at the meeting.

詹姆斯在會上是代表我們的。