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名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞很多表示物件、身體部位或某類人的名詞可以用作動詞，某些抽象名詞也可用作動詞。名詞和動詞在轉(zhuǎn)化時，有時不改變意思，有時意思也相應(yīng)地變化，在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中注意記憶總結(jié)。1 名詞和動詞在轉(zhuǎn)化時， 有時不改變意思，有時也相應(yīng)地變化。eye n. 眼睛 .（用眼睛看）注釋，端詳 ship n. 船， v. 用船裝help v. 幫助 n. 幫助 love v. 愛 n.. 愛picture 能畫， 照片 v. 用圖表示，描述2 有些名詞和動詞在轉(zhuǎn)化時會發(fā)生元音改變或詞尾變化blood----bleed sell----sale sing---- song advise----advice bathe----- bath believe---- belief3 Look at the verbs in bold. What are the nouns of these verbs?1）When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously.2）I’m not overweight so I never have to dietStep 3 Practice1

Example: Stop mothering me! I’m not a child.1. This apartment _________ six people and a dog.2. She ________ the silk gently.3. It _________ really delicious.4. Can you ________ me those papers?2．Complete the following sentences1. Did you ____（預(yù)定）a seat on a plane yesterday?2. Please ____ （遞）me the book.3. They ____ (取名)their dog Bob.4. She ____（護(hù)理；照顧）her aged mother every day.一般將來時(The future simple tense)1.一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)Zhou kai, you’ll get ill.I’ll buy you a toy.My sister’s going to see you off.will和be going to都可以用來表達(dá)將要發(fā)生的事情，區(qū)別如下：(1).單純談到將來的事情，沒有主觀因素，可用will.It will become warm when spring comes.春天到來，天氣將會變暖。I will be twenty next month.下個月我就20歲了。(2).表示說話人的推測，用will.She will be all right after taking the medicine.吃了這藥，她就會好的。That will be your house.那是你的家吧。(3).表示一種傾向，用will.Each time he comes to Beijing, he will visit the Great Wall.每次他來到北京，他都要游覽長城。 Without water, man will die.沒有水人會死。(4).表示說話時決定馬上要做的動作（多半是聽了對方的話后所做出的反應(yīng)），用will.A: My chest hurts when I breathe.我呼吸時，胸部疼痛。B: Lie down please, and I’ll examine you.請?zhí)上�，我給你檢查一下。(5).表示經(jīng)過事先考慮或安排后的意思,即—打算做某事‖，用going to do.My friend is in hospital now, but he is going to come out tomorrow. 我朋友現(xiàn)在醫(yī)院，但是他明天就要出院了。She has borrowed some books from the library. She is going to make a careful study.她從圖書館借了一些書。她打算好好作番研究。(6)在口語中，表示將要發(fā)生的事情時，多用be going to .What’s going to happen? 將要發(fā)生什么事？Is there going to be a party tomorrow evening? 明天

天晚上有聚會嗎？(7)表示根據(jù)已有的、并被注意到的跡象將要發(fā)生的事情They are going to miss the train.他們要趕不上火車了。（說話者注意到他們出發(fā)時已經(jīng)太晚了） Look at those dark clouds; it’s going to rain.看那些烏云，要下雨了。(8).be going to可用于表示將來時間的條件狀語從句，will卻不能。If he is going to participate in the competition, he’d better get prepared.如果他打算參加這個競賽，他最好做好準(zhǔn)備。If we are going to start early, 5 o’clock is ok. 如果我們計(jì)劃早出發(fā)，5點(diǎn)就可以。(9).will 可用于表示意愿、拒絕等的條件狀語從句中。If Tom won’t come, we will lose the game.如果湯姆不愿意來，我們將輸?shù)暨@場比賽。If he will do something useful, he will save the boy.如果他愿意做些有益的事，他會就這個男孩的。 Practice1．Jim and Li Lei __________（watch）the football match this evening．2．We are going to play ping-pong on Saturday．（改為一般疑問句并作否定回答）?__________ __________ going to play ping-pong on Saturday？?__________，we __________．3．我叔叔今晚要來。My uncle __________ __________ __________．4．我們要討論這本書。We _____ ______ ______ ______ ______ this book．5．---Do you tell Julia about the result ?---Oh, no ,I forgot. I ______her now.A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call6. Look at the dark clouds in the sky . I think it _____rain.A will B shall C must D is going to7. If he ____be head teacher of this class , I will not go to this class .A is going to B will C was to D should8.---- Write to me when you get home---- ____.A. I am going to B. I will C. I should D. I can9. That ____ be Dr. Wang’s clinic. Let’s go and have a look.A. is going to B. will C. is not going to be D. will not.10. My younger brother ____be 15 years old next year.A. is going to B. will C. is to D. should11. Let’s keep to the point or we _____ any decisions.A. will never reach B. have never reachedC. never reach D. never reached12 --- You’ve left the light on.--- Oh, so I have. _______ and turn it off.A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going13. If he _____ to college, he _____ a lot more.A. will go; will learn B. will go; is going to learnC. goes; will learn D. goes; is going to learn14. --- Sorry, I forgot to post the letter for you.--- Never mind, _____ post it

myself tonight.A. I’m going to B. I prefer to C. I’ll D. I’d rather15. ---Write to me when you get home.--- ____________.A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can語法項(xiàng)目1．不定式作狀語1)不定式作目的狀語：He broke into the house to steal something．Many drug addicts are now in treatment centres to stop taking drugs．He's saving up to buy a new car．He uses a computer to send emails．2)有時候在不定式前面加上in order to或so as to，否定式為in order not to和so as not to： Let's hurry so as to go to school in time．Let's hurry so as not to be late for school．She studied very hard in order to catch up with others．She studied very hard in order not to lag behind．3)不定式表示目的時，通常它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，但如果不是的話，就要用for… 結(jié)構(gòu)表示邏輯主語，如：Mom opened the door for Jane and Betty to come in．We are now using the series —New Standard English‖ for students to make great progress． 請注意以下結(jié)構(gòu)：It is so kind of you to come and help us．(這時，you既是to come and help us又是kind的邏輯主語)再如：It's rude of him to say so．4)不定式還可以作結(jié)果或原因狀語：表結(jié)果： What have I done to get all this?She went abroad never to return．He was so．late as to miss half of the lecture．She is such a good student as to be respected by all her classmates．The house is large enough to hold two hundred people．He is too young to do the job．表原因：She was surprised to see us in the street of London．He laughed to hear the news．The old lady rejoiced to learn that her son was the champion of the match．2．so…that…和such(a，an)…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句1)so…that…和such(a，an)…that…都引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，如：Some of them behave so badly that people call the police．It was such a dangerous drug that he nearly died．It was such loud music that we couldn't hear ourselves speak．2)so的后面跟形容詞或副詞：The night scene of the lake was so beautiful that we didn't want to come back at all． They played so happily that they forgot the time．3)such(a，an)后面跟名詞：They were such dangerous drug dealers that people had to ask the police for help． It is such an interesting story that all of them like it．4)請注意本模塊語法項(xiàng)目1.4中討論的某些不定式作結(jié)果狀語的句子：He w

as so late as to miss half of the lecture．She is such a good student as to be respected by all her classmates．The house is large enough to hold two hundred people．He is too young to do the job．我們可以把它們改變成結(jié)果狀語從句：He was so late that he missed half of the lecture．She is such a good student that she is respected by all her classmates．The house is so large that it can hold two hundred people．He is so young that he can't do the job．a(chǎn). Now complete the sentences with so, as a result or as a result of.1. Adam knew that taking drugs was bad, _________he stopped.2. He stopped taking drugs ________meeting the doctor.3. Adam met a doctor who explained the problem. __________he stopped taking cocaine.4. Crack cocaine is very addictive, ________users cannot easily stop using it.5. He was extremely ill _________taking crack cocaine.6. He became addicted to crack cocaine, _________ he became very ill.時間狀語從句時間狀語從句主要用于說明主句動詞的時間,其類型頗多詳見如下歸納。1． When 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,意為—當(dāng)……的時候‖，when 的從句可以用延續(xù)性動詞。He was working at the table when I went in . 當(dāng)我進(jìn)去的時候，她正在桌旁工作。I was watching TV when he came. 他來的時候我正在看電視。注意：when 也可以作并列連詞，表示一個動作即將或正在進(jìn)行或剛完成的時候，突然發(fā)生了另一件事。 I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正要離開，這是電話鈴響了。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.我們正在化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作，突然燈熄滅了。I had just gone to sleep when there was a knock at the door.. 我剛?cè)胨�就有人敲門2． While 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，表示—與……同時，在……期間‖。While 的從句中常用延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 當(dāng)我們正在討論問題時，他們沖了進(jìn)來。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.當(dāng)我正在玩電子游戲時，爸爸在清洗汽車。注意：while 還可以表示對比意義，意為—而；卻‖。例如：Jane was dressed in blue, while Mary was dressed in red.珍妮穿著藍(lán)色的衣服，而瑪麗穿紅色的。3． As 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，作—當(dāng)……的時候，一邊……一邊‖—隨著----‖解，as 的從句中可使用延續(xù)性動詞，也可使用非延續(xù)性動詞。例如：He sang as he was working.他一邊工作一邊唱歌。As time goes by, we have a better understanding of things around us.隨著時間的推移，我們對自己周圍的事務(wù)有了更好的理解。4． Before 和 after 引導(dǎo)的從句：前者一邊表示主句的動作發(fā)生早從句的動作之前；后者表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后。例如：I didn’t know any English befor

e I started school. 我上學(xué)之前，一點(diǎn)英語都不懂I had cooked supper before my parents came back. 我父母回來之前，我就做好了晚飯。It won’t be long before we meet again. 我們不久就能見面。After he came out, he locked the door. 他出來后，就鎖上了門。5． Since 和 ever since 引導(dǎo)的從句：表示—自從……以來‖，從句一般表示動作的起點(diǎn)，用過去時。主句表示動作延續(xù)的情況，一般用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。如果主句表示的是時間，主句可用一邊現(xiàn)在時，也可用現(xiàn)在完成時。現(xiàn)在完成時(延續(xù)性動詞)…since+…過去時（非延續(xù)性動詞）—自從……以來‖現(xiàn)在完成時(延續(xù)性動詞)…since+…過去時 （延續(xù)性動詞）—自（延續(xù)性動詞結(jié)束以來……‖ Since he came here , he has made a lot of friends.他來這里以后，已交了許多朋友。He has been working here ever since he left university.自從大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后，他就一直在這里工作。She has lived alone since her husband died.自丈夫去世后她就一直獨(dú)自生活。I have been wearing glasses since I was three.我三歲以后一直戴眼鏡。It is ten years since he smoked.他戒煙十年了語法二 過去完成時過去完成時由助動詞had 加過去分詞構(gòu)成，主要表示在過去某時之前已發(fā)生的動作或情況，也可以說時—過去時間的過去‖。其被動形式為—had + been + p.p‖ 例如：By the end of last term, we had learned more than 3,000 English words.到上個學(xué)期末為止我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了3000 多個單詞了。注意：如果句中出現(xiàn)了表示過去的具體時間狀語，句子的內(nèi)容可為過去的實(shí)際情況或句子中的內(nèi)容為歷史事實(shí)時，句中的動詞時態(tài)只能用一般過去時。例如：The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.在表示某人過去未曾完成的—心愿，打算，計(jì)劃，想法，許諾‖等等時，hope , mean ,plan, want ,promise , intend 等位于動詞必須用過去完成時。例如：I had planned to offer you some help in your shop, but suddenly my mother fell ill yesterday. 昨天我原本計(jì)劃在你的店里幫一些忙的，但是我媽媽突然病了。He had hoped to spend the important day with us last Sunday , but he was too busy then. 上星期他原本很想與我們一起度過這個重要的日子，可是他當(dāng)時實(shí)在太忙了1、通過討論下列例題復(fù)習(xí)時間狀語從句1)?When did he leave the classroom??He left _____ you turned back to write on the blackboard.A. the time B. the moment C. until D. since2) ? Have you known each other for long?? Not very, ________we started to work in the ABC Motor Company.A. before B. since C. when D. after3) I didn’t make great progress in my English study _____ my teacher had given me some advice on how to learn the language well.A. unless B. before C. until D. when4). That was really a splendid evening. It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself so much.A. when B. that C. before D. since5) ?Did Jack come back early last

night??Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.A. before B. when C. that D. until2、通過討論下列例題歸納出because, as , since, for的用法區(qū)別以及now that的用法。6) ____ You’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A. Now that B. After C . Although D. As soon as7) He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A. though B. for C. but D. so8) ?Did you return Fred’s call??I didn’t need to ______I’ll see him tomorrow.A. though B. unless C. when D. because9）________ you know it, I won't repeat it.A. For B. Because of C. Since D. Till10) ?May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum??No, you can’t go out _______ your work is being done.‖A. before B. until C. as D. the momentbecause, as , since, for歸納：_________________________________________________________________________3、通過用不同的句型翻譯該句，復(fù)習(xí)so/such……that等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。他是一個如此可愛的男孩，以至于人人都非常喜歡他。________________________________________________________________.________________________________________________________________.________________________________________________________________.典例評析：1.________ everyone else wouldn’t go to the mountain area, he went without a second thought.A. As long as B. While C. Where D. In spite of2. ?Are you ready for Spain??Yes, I want the girls to experience that _____ they are youngA. while B. until C. if D. before鞏固分層練習(xí)：(一）必做題1) It’s going to rain, ____ the clouds are gathering.A. for B. because C. since D. as2）____ there are only five minutes to go, I’ll talk about the project in short.A. As if B. Even if C. Because of D. Now that3）I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea.A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that4） We were told that we should follow the main road ____ we reached the railway station.A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever5）The doorkeeper gave the alarm _______ he saw the smoke.A. while（二）選做題1. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don't think it's a good

idea to spend too much time on it.A. If B. While C. Because D. As2. I do every single bit of housework _____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.A. since B. while C. when D. as3. Why do you want a new job ____ you’ve got such a good one already?A. that B. where C. which D. whenⅠ. Best choice:1. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have _____ heard of her.A. even B. ever C. just D. never2. There’s _________ I want to tell you.A. something new B. new somethingC. the something new D. the new something3. You know _____ about it than Tom does.A. even little B. even lessC. more little D. more less4. The old gentleman has _____ been to the Great Wall before, has he?A. always B. already C. ever D. not5. They have produced ________ they did last year.A. twice more grain as B. twice as much grain asC. twice as many grain as D. as twice many grain as6. The teacher wondered why _____ many students had made _____ careless mistakes.A. so; so B. so; suchC. such; so D. such; such7. I’ve got _____ work to do on a ______ cold day.A. much too; much too B. too much; too muchC. too much; much too D. much too; too much8. --- Have you been to New Zealand?--- No, I’d like to, ______ .8 B. the instant C. suddenly D. beforeA. too B. though C. yet D. either9. --- Do you often go to the cinema?--- No, ______ . I’ve been writing a novel this year.A. often B. frequently C. occasionally D. nearly10. --- Where did you spend your holiday last year?--- I stayed ______ and then returned home.A. for one week in the countryside quietlyB. in the countryside quietly for one weekC. in the countryside for one week quietlyD. quietly for one week in the countryside11. --- I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.--- You can never be _____ careful in the street.A. much B. very C. so D. too12. We all write ______, even when there’s not much to say.A. now and then B. by and byC. step by step D. more o

r less13. --- _______ do you visit your grandparents?--- Once a month.A. Hoe long B. How soonC. How much D. How often14. He ______ gets up very early, but today he is very late. It is quite ______.A. usually; unusual B. usual; unusuallyC. unusual; usual D. usually; unusually15. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not ______ a native speaker.A. as fluent B. more fluent thanC. so fluently as D. much fluently thanⅡ. Complete the sentences using —loudly‖, —loud‖ or —aloud‖:1. The teacher asked him to read the text _______.2. Could you speak a little ______?3. The two boys are arguing ________.接不定式作賓語的動詞【速記口訣】同意提出學(xué)會的打算，要求答應(yīng)來幫忙。準(zhǔn)備決定遭拒絕，敢于設(shè)法有希望。未能做到莫假裝，選擇破釜沉舟當(dāng)自強(qiáng)。offer(提出)， learn(學(xué)會)， intend， plan(打算)， demand， ask(要求)， promise (答應(yīng))，prepare (準(zhǔn)備)， decide， determine (決定)， refuse (拒絕)， dare(敢于)， manage(設(shè)法)，want， expect(希望，想要)， fail， pretend (假裝)， choose(甘愿)9 help (幫忙)，wish， hope接動名詞作賓語的動詞【速記口訣】建議停止享受--想象完成逃跑(suggest， advise， stop， resist， enjoy， imagine， finish， escape)承認(rèn)借口--推遲實(shí)踐(admit， excuse， delay， practice)認(rèn)為應(yīng)該保持頭腦清醒--懂得避免冒險(consider， keep， mind， understand， avoid， miss， risk)(1)動名詞作主語時，表示一般的，抽象概念；而動詞不定式作主語，表示具體的特定情景下或有待于完成的動作。如：①To finish such a long novel will take me several days．(—to finish such a long novel‖表示具體的、尚未完成的動作)②Swimming is good for health，but to swim in such a polluted river is harmful to health．(—to swim in such a polluted river‖指特定情景下的動作)(2)當(dāng)it為形式主語時，兩者�？梢曰ビ谩Ｈ纾孩買t’s difficult to make the air clean．②It’s difficult making the air clean．(3)necessary，important等詞后只用不定式。如：①It is necessary to spend enough time on English if you want to learn it well．②It is important to keep our classroom clean．(4)no use，no good，a waste of time后常用動名詞。如：①It is no use crying．②It is no good cheating in the exams．③It is a waste of time reading a silly book like this．Module 3 Music本模塊重點(diǎn)句型(必背句子)1. Having worked there for 30 years, Haydon moved to London, where he was very successful.在那里工作了30年后，海頓移居倫敦，在倫敦他非常成功。Move to a place 搬家至某地Hav

ing worked…為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時間狀語，表示動作發(fā)生在主動詞之前。如：Having lived there for years, he got used to the life there.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞的否定是在分詞前否定，如：Not having heard from her parents, she decided to write again.Verb+ing 稱為現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式，也可作狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示的時間概念與主動詞同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生。如：Walking through the streets , he caught sight of a tailor’s shop.相當(dāng)于When / While he was walking through the street…（動作與主動詞同時發(fā)生）Hearing the news , he jumped up with joy.相當(dāng)于As soon as he heard the news…（動作與主動詞幾乎同時發(fā)生） By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras. 莫第10 / 14頁扎特到14歲的時候，不僅已經(jīng)譜寫了許多管弦樂曲，還譜寫了許多撥弦鍵琴曲、鋼琴曲和小提琴曲。As well as 不僅，相當(dāng)于not only , 如：He is courageous as well as strong.. 相當(dāng)于He is not only strong but also courageous.The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime. 相當(dāng)于Not only the proofreaders but also the editors are working overtime.By the time “在……之前，到……為止”引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。從句中如果用一般過去時，則主句用過去完成時；從句中如果用一般現(xiàn)在時，則主句用將來完成時.By the time he was 14, he had built a lab of his own.By the time the letter reaches you , I will have left the country.4. Haydn met Mozart in 1781 and was very impressed with him.海頓在1781年與莫扎特相遇，并對他留下了深刻的印象。Be impressed with… 對……留下印象。也可以用be impressed by\at… 如：I was deeply impressed by /with/at his speech.Impress 的其他用法：1) Impress sth upon/on sb 或者 impress sb with sth 使某人銘記某事物。如：My father impressed on me the importance of work. 或者 My father impressed me with the importance of work.2) impress sth upon/on sth 在某物上面印上某物。如：He impressed his name on the box.5. However it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.然而，是海頓鼓勵貝多芬移居維也納的�！狪t was…who…” 是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,該句強(qiáng)調(diào)了主語,正常的語序?yàn)?“Haydn encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型: It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that(who)… 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞以外的任何句子成分。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時也可以用who。(1) It was yesterday that I met Mary at the railway station.(2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句型Is/Was +it +所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+that/who/whom…?Was it you that met Mary at the railway station yesterday?(3) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句型疑問詞+is/was+it+that /who/whom…?Who

m was it that I met at the railway station yesterday?When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？(4) 在強(qiáng)調(diào)not … until結(jié)構(gòu)時必須把not與until一起放到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的位置上例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.(5) 注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語從句的區(qū)別例 It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.( 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定語從句)一 單項(xiàng)選擇1. It is what you do rather what you say ________ matters.A. that B. what C. which D. this2. The way_____ the problem sounds reasonable.