2014高考英語(yǔ)理解鞏固精品題練習(xí)（4）及答案 理解技法指導(dǎo) 2．推理 推理常見(jiàn)的命題方式有以下幾種： (1)We can know fro the passage that ______. (2)We can infer fro the (first/last) passage that ______. (3)The passage/author iplies/suggests that ______. (4)It can be concluded fro the passage that ______. (5)The underlined sentence indicates that ______. (6)Fro the passage we can draw the conclusion that ______. (7)The author sees to be in favor of/against ______. (8)The author's purpose of writing this passage is ______. (9)The author ay probably agree with/support ______. (10)What's the author's attitude/view/point ______？ (11)How does the author feel about ______？ (12)In the author's opinion，______. 如：(2012?課標(biāo)全國(guó)高考，D篇) Grownups are often surprised by how well they reeber soething they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A an who has not had a chance to go swiing for years can still swi as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after any years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A other who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poe that begins “Twinkle，twinkle，little star” or reeber the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One explanation is the law of overlearning，which can be stated as follows：Once we have learned soething，additional learning trials increase the length of tie we will reeber it. In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swiing，bicycle riding，and playing baseball long after we have learned the.We continue to listen to and reind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle，twinkle，little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks.We not only learn but overlearn. The ultiplication tables(口訣表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why craing(突擊學(xué)習(xí)) for an exaination，though it ay result in a passing grade，is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By craing，a student ay learn the subject well enough to get by on the exaination，but he is likely soon to forget alost everything he learned.A little overlearning，on the other hand，is really necessary for one's future developent. 68．The author explains the law of overlearning by ______. A．presenting research findings B．setting down general rules C．a(chǎn)king a coparison D．using exaples 剖析：D 推理判斷題。作者在第二段中解釋了the law of overlearning，接著在第三、四段通過(guò)具體的實(shí)例來(lái)對(duì)此進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。故選D項(xiàng)。 70．What is the author's opinion on craing? A．It leads to failure in college exas. B．It's helpful only in a liited way. C．It's possible to result in poor eory. D．It increases students' learning interest. 剖析：B 推理判斷題。由最后一段第一句可知，雖然突擊學(xué)習(xí)可能在通過(guò)考試的分?jǐn)?shù)上起一定作用，但是對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)大學(xué)課程來(lái)說(shuō)卻不是一種令人滿(mǎn)意的方法。由此推出，在作者看來(lái)突擊學(xué)習(xí)的作用是有一定局限性的。故選B項(xiàng)。 這類(lèi)題目單從材料的字面意思中是找不到答案的，這就要求考生必須仔細(xì)閱讀，了解文中的全部信息或事實(shí)，透徹理解的深層含義，運(yùn)用歸納、綜合、推理的邏輯思維方法，將已述和未述的含義結(jié)合起來(lái)思考，判斷人物的動(dòng)機(jī)、目的和性格特征，理順事件發(fā)生的順序或前因后果，從而找到答案。
C7[2013?北京卷] C Does Fae Drive You Crazy? Although being faous ight sound like a drea coe true, today's stars, feeling like zoo anials, face pressures that few of us can iagine. They are at the center of uch of the world's attention. Paparazzi (狗仔隊(duì)) cap outside their hoes, caeras ready. Tabloids (小報(bào)) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just iagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature! According to psychologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities―faous people―worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing theselves the way their fans iagine the, not as the people they were before everyone knew their naes. “Over tie，” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alone.” The phenoenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century BC, painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his adirers. When Charles Dickens visited Aerica in the 19th century, his sold－out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading hi to coplain(抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about fil－stars in uch the sae way that odern tabloids and websites do. Being a public figure today, however, is a lot ore difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot ove about without worrying about photographers with odern caeras. When they say soething silly or do soething ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in inutes and keep their “story” alive forever. If fae is so troublesoe, why aren't all celebrities running away fro it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Soe stars stay cal by surrounding theselves with trusted friends and faily or by escaping to reote places away fro big cities. They focus not on how faous they are but on what they love to do or whatever ade the faous in the first place. Soeties a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often coplain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being faous already. 63．It can be learned fro the passage that stars today ________． A. are often isunderstood by the public B. can no longer have their privacy protected C. spend too uch on their public appearance D. care little about how they have coe into fae 64．What is the ain idea of Paragraph 3? A. Great heroes of the past were generally adired. B. The proble faced by celebrities has a long history. C. Well－known actors are usually targets of tabloids. D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers. 65．What akes it uch harder to be a celebrity today? A. Availability of odern edia. B. Inadequate social recognition. C. Lack of favorable chances. D. Huge population of fans. 66．What is the author's attitude toward odern celebrity? A. Sincere. B. Sceptical. C. Disapproving. D. Sypathetic. 【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文主要論述名人的煩惱，涉及名人的壓力、與世界的隔離、歷史由來(lái)、現(xiàn)在的狀況，最后提出了解決名人煩惱的辦法。 63．B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，名人幾乎難有隱私。所以選B。 64．B 段落大意題。第三段主要講名人煩惱的歷史由來(lái)。所以選B。 65．A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段caeras、the Internet等可知選A。 66．D 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者對(duì)于名人的壓力、存在狀況是非常同情的。所以選D。sincere真摯的；sceptical懷疑的；disapproving不贊成的；sypathetic同情的。
閱讀理解技法指導(dǎo) 3．主旨大意題 主旨大意題常見(jiàn)的命題方式有以下幾種： (1)The best title/headline for this passage is ______. (2)The passage(or the first paragraph)is ainly about ______. (3)What is the ain idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage? (4)Which of the following titles best suarizes the ain idea of the passage? (5)The passage chiefly discusses/deals with ______. (6)Which of the following best states the thee of the passage? (7)The passage ainly tells us that ______. (8)Which of the following can best su up the passage? (9)What's the best/ost suitable title of this text/passage? 如：(2012?湖南高考，C篇) Harvard researchers have created a tough，lowcost，biodegradable (可生物降解的) aterial inspired by insects' hard outer shells.The aterial's inventors say it has a nuber of possible uses and soeday could provide a ore environentally friendly alternative to plastic.The aterial，ade fro shrip (蝦) shells and proteins produced fro silk，is called “shrilk.” It is thin，clear，flexible and strong. A ajor benefit of the aterial is its biodegradability.Plastic's toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in aterials science during the 1950s and '60s.Decades later，however，plastic's very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for onetie products such as plastic bags，or shortlived consuer goods，used in the hoe for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.What is the point of aking soething that lasts 1,000 years? Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill，but its basic coponents are used as fertilizer(肥料)，and so will enrich the soil. Shrilk has great potential，the inventors said.aterials fro which it is ade are plentiful in nature，found in everything ranging fro shrip shells，insect bodies to living plants.That akes shrilk low cost，and its ass production possible should it be used for products deanding a lot of aterial. Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab.The inventors said the aterial becoes flexible when wet，so they're exploring ways to use it in wet environents.They're also developing sipler production processes，which could be used for nonedical products，like for coputer cases and other products inside the hoe.They're even exploring cobining it with other aterials，like carbon fibers，to give it new properties. 66．Paragraph 1 of the passage is ainly about shrilk's ______. A．rearkable design B．interesting nae C．a(chǎn)jor features D．basic eleents 剖析：C 主旨大意題。第一段中主要介紹哈佛大學(xué)發(fā)明的這種新型材料其靈感來(lái)自于動(dòng)物的外殼，其用途廣泛，低耗環(huán)保，是塑料的替代品。它由蝦殼及絲蛋白制成，因此被命名為“shrilk”，其特點(diǎn)是輕薄、透明、柔韌、結(jié)實(shí)。不難看出這里介紹的是這種新材料的主要特性，其他選項(xiàng)過(guò)于片面。故C項(xiàng)正確。 70．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Recent Progress in Environental Protection B．Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research C．The Har of Onetie Products D．A Possible Alternative to Plastic 剖析：D 主旨大意題。本文為科技說(shuō)明文，開(kāi)篇點(diǎn)題，介紹了這種可替代塑料的新型材料的性能等問(wèn)題，所以D項(xiàng)適合。 這類(lèi)題目要求在理解全文的情況下歸納要點(diǎn)，對(duì)全文的中心思想進(jìn)行概括、總結(jié)和評(píng)價(jià)。考生需要分析的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，認(rèn)真閱讀的第一段或每段的第一個(gè)句子或最后一句，抓住開(kāi)頭的主題句或最后的結(jié)論，弄清作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，綜合歸納各段要點(diǎn)以把握的主題或大意，從而找出能概括主旨或中心思想的標(biāo)題。
閱讀理解技法指導(dǎo) 4．詞義猜測(cè)題 詞義猜測(cè)題常見(jiàn)的命題方式有以下幾種： (1)The word “...” in the passage eans ______. (2)The word “...” could be best replaced by ______. (3)Which of the following is nearest/closest in eaning to ______. (4)The word “...” probably refers to ______. (5)According to the passage，the word “...” is known as ______. 如：(2012?課標(biāo)全國(guó)高考，A篇) Are you looking for soe new and exciting places to take your kids to？Try soe of these places： ?Visit art useus.They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest.any offer workshops for aking handade pieces，traveling exhibits，book signings(簽名) by children's favorite writers，and even usical perforances and other arts. ?Head to a natural history useu.This is where kids can discover the past fro dinosaur odels to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky.Also，ask what kind of workshops and educational progras are prepared for kids and any special events that are coing up. ?Go to a Youtheater.Look for one in your area offering plays for child and faily visitors.Preshow play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about perforing arts.Puppet(木偶) aking and stage akeup are just a couple of the special offerings you ight find. ?Try handson_science.Visit one of the any handson science useus around the country.These science playlands are great fun for kids and grownups alike.They'll keep your child entally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons，experienting，and building.When everyone is tired，enjoy a fun faily science show，coonly found in these useus. 58．What does “handson science” ean in the last paragraph? A．Science gaes designed by kids. B．Learning science by doing things. C．A show of kids' science work. D．Reading science books. 剖析：B 詞義猜測(cè)題。由“Try handson science.”部分倒數(shù)第二句中的“...while pushing buttons，experienting，and building.”可知，在這個(gè)博物館里，孩子和成年人都可以動(dòng)手操作。故handson science是指“通過(guò)做事情而學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)知識(shí)”。故選B項(xiàng)。 英語(yǔ)詞匯具有多義性，同一種意思可有不同的表達(dá)方式。詞義猜測(cè)題要求對(duì)短文中某些詞、詞組或句子作出解釋。 做題時(shí)，一定要在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，判斷詞語(yǔ)在文中的確切含義，決不可脫離原文進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)獜谋豢疾樵~匯所處的語(yǔ)境和上下文的聯(lián)系進(jìn)行分析。如果出現(xiàn)this is，that is to say或破折號(hào)等，我們可以斷定，后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的解釋?zhuān)蝗绻霈F(xiàn)but，however，yet以及表示相反結(jié)果的on the contrary，on the other hand等，我們可以從畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞語(yǔ)的相反意義去考慮。
閱讀理解誤區(qū)警示 1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (2012?江蘇高考，A篇) What Would You Want ost on a Desert Island? This onth's survey shows people worldwide have a natural understanding of what they would need ost if left alone on a desert island：Another person.And one they know well.Respondents(調(diào)查對(duì)象) in all 16 countries surveyed said their spouse(配偶) or partner would be their first choice to have with the.Perhaps this akes sense：An P3 player can't help you find drinking water，your dog can't help you start a fire and who knows if George Clooney or Penélope Cruz has taken courses in wilderness survival training？Let's just hope the SOS sign you two build gets spotted sooner rather than later!
Spouse/Partner 82% of the South African woen surveyed would ost want their husband/partner with the，while just 45% of the Indian woen surveyed agreed. Clooney/Cruz 27% of Russian en surveyed would want a celebrity(名人) along.Only 2% of the exican en agreed.Less than 18% of woen worldwide chose this option. P3 Player This was second choice overall，particularly aong alaysian en，with 32% saying they'd ost want an P3 player with their favorite songs.Just 5% each of Australian and Aerican en agreed. Dog In France,28% of respondents older than 45 would ost want to be left alone with their dog，while not a single Russian or alaysian in that age group surveyed would ost want Fido along. 56．According to the survey，people left alone on a desert island would ost want their ______. A．P3 player B．dog C．spouse/partner D．celebrity 【錯(cuò)混透析】C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，留在孤島上的人最需要一個(gè)熟悉的人，16個(gè)國(guó)家的被調(diào)查對(duì)象表示他們的第一選擇是他們的配偶或伙伴。 58．The survey results are analyzed in ters of the respondents' ______. A．sex，age and nationality B．race，nationality and sex C．a(chǎn)rriage，age and race D．a(chǎn)ge，sex and arriage 【錯(cuò)混透析】A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。被調(diào)查的對(duì)象有42歲、28歲、25歲的，有女性，也有俄羅斯、墨西哥、澳大利亞和美國(guó)的男性，并且來(lái)自16個(gè)國(guó)家，所以答案為A項(xiàng)。
C7[2013?福建卷] E A ENTORING (導(dǎo)師制) progra is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth. Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide entoring sessions for students and uneployed young adults aged 11 to 21. Alex Goldberg, the progra's founder, said：“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook. “We try to create work experience opportunities that will really ake a difference to our youth. For exaple, we've secured internships (實(shí)習(xí)) with world－faous firs such as Honda. “At a tie of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it ore and ore difficult to offer this kind of entoring, it is extreely iportant that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give the opportunities which ay help shape their futures.” Kieran Hepburn, 14, is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited fro the progra so far. In October the Banbury School pupil was accopanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) International Youth Foru (論壇)． The event was held for young people fro around the world, to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look. Kieran joined several hundred observers ostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event. Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience. “Before we left I didn't quite know what to ake of it but when we got there we didn't stop; it was aazing，” he said, “We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did soething cultural each afternoon.” The ain thee of the foru was how youth can drive change in political and public life. It dealt with issues (問(wèn)題) such as drug abuse, violence and uneployent. Kieran said: “It has really helped e to iprove y confidence and social skills as well as y school grades and I was voted ost iproved pupil at school in August.” The Young Inspirations entoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury. For details visit wwyounginspirations.co. 71．The Young Inspirations entoring progra ais to ________． A. train staff for world－faous firs B. offer job opportunities to young adults C. provide youth with unique experiences D. equip the uneployed with different skills 72．According to Alex Goldberg, it is difficult for schools to offer the entoring due to ________． A. the lack of support fro firs B. the cultural differences C. the effect of uneployent D. the shortage of oney 73．According to the passage, the foru focused on how youth can ________． A. build up their confidence at school B. find work experience opportunities C. iprove their social skills for the future D. play an active role in the change of society 74．We can learn fro the passage that ________． A．the visit to the United Kingdo was aazing B．Kieran has ade great progress in any aspects C．the youth have found a way to solve their probles D．the entoring sessions are held every day except Friday 75．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young Inspirations B．Young People Find a World of Opportunity C．Kieran, Banbury School Pupil to Paris D．Debates Help Youth with Their Grades 【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文通過(guò)介紹“導(dǎo)師制”項(xiàng)目及參與該項(xiàng)目學(xué)生的自我評(píng)述和總結(jié)，說(shuō)明社會(huì)實(shí)踐有利于學(xué)生們學(xué)業(yè)的提高和視野的擴(kuò)大，用具體事例說(shuō)明參與社會(huì)實(shí)踐的好處。 71．C 推理判斷題�？v觀全文，多處說(shuō)到該項(xiàng)目的目的是為學(xué)生提供社會(huì)實(shí)踐的機(jī)會(huì)，幫助學(xué)生們提高學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)和豐富社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，故答案應(yīng)為C。 72．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段 “At a tie of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it ore and ore difficult to offer this kind of entoring…” 可知，學(xué)校是因?yàn)橘Y金不足而未能組織學(xué)生參加社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。cutback 削減。 73．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選項(xiàng)A、B和C都只是論壇關(guān)注的一個(gè)方面而非全部，選項(xiàng)D是對(duì)A、B和C的全面概括。 74．B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從后半部分可以看出，Kieran認(rèn)為自己在許多方面均取得很大的進(jìn)步，其他選項(xiàng)均不符合原文意思。 75．B 主旨大意題。學(xué)生們通過(guò)社會(huì)實(shí)踐找到了提高成績(jī)和豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)的機(jī)會(huì)。只有選項(xiàng)B最能概括中心意思，其他選項(xiàng)都不夠全面。
