【2012年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是是高中英語(yǔ)的重要語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，更是歷年高考的考查熱點(diǎn)。同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)這一語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)注意：1、考綱要求的動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法；2、易混時(shí)態(tài)用法比較；3、根據(jù)固定時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、固定句型確定時(shí)態(tài)的情況；4、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況；5、不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況。通過(guò)分析近年的全國(guó)高考試題可以預(yù)測(cè)2012年高考對(duì)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查依然會(huì)注重在具體語(yǔ)境中考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的運(yùn)用。
【重難點(diǎn)突破】
【概述】英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化從時(shí)間上可劃分為“現(xiàn)在時(shí)”，“過(guò)去時(shí)”，“將來(lái)時(shí)”和“過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)”四大類(lèi)，每類(lèi)又包括“一般式”、“進(jìn)行式”、“完成式”和“完成進(jìn)行式”四式，共十六種時(shí)態(tài)形式。其中常用的有十種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、將來(lái)完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)等十種。
英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。
幾種基本事態(tài)的基本用法
⒈一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞原形或第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式
用法：
1）、經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與usually, always, sometimes, every day, frequently等一起使用。
He always help others in his spare time.
2）、現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)或具有的特征
China is a great socialist country.
3）、客觀規(guī)律、正確事實(shí)或科學(xué)真理、格言以及其他不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在
（10上海）28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had
4）、表示安排或計(jì)劃要做的動(dòng)作（句中常有表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)），主要用于begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, open, close等瞬間動(dòng)詞。
The plane takes off at seven o’clock this morning.
5）、在時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
I am afraid you must inform him of the meeting , in case he comes late for the meeting．
一When shall we restart our business?
一Not until we our plan．
A．will finish B．a(chǎn)re finishing
C．a(chǎn)re to finish D．have finished
6）、在here, there引導(dǎo)的句子中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
Here comes the bus！=The bus is coming！
⒉ 一般過(guò)去時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
用法：
1）、表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, the other day, last…, …ago等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
（2011湖南卷）27．In 1942, Columbus_______ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India．
A．lands B．landed C．has landed D．．had landed
2）、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的一連串動(dòng)作
The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.
教授把一根手指頭伸進(jìn)嘴里，嘗了嘗，滿(mǎn)意地笑了。
3）、在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作
He said he would let us know if he got any news.
4）、用于“It + 時(shí)間 + since 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）”
當(dāng)since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式時(shí)，意為：自…以來(lái)…時(shí)間了”；當(dāng)since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式時(shí)，意為：自…不…以來(lái)，…已經(jīng)…時(shí)間了。
（2011湖南卷）30．It is the most instructive lecture that I ________since I came to this school．
A．a(chǎn)ttended B．had attended C．a(chǎn)m attending D．have attended
⒊ 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) + shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形
用法：
1）、表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, some day, next…, from now on, in the future, in…等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
She will be back in a few minutes.
2）、表示一種傾向。
Crops will die without water.
3）、祈使句或名詞短語(yǔ) + and/or +主語(yǔ)+will do…
Follow your teacher，and you will make progress.
4）、won’t 可表示“不能”，“沒(méi)法”
The door won’t shut. Please have it repaired.
5）、幾種將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的表達(dá)方式：
⑴、be going to do sth. 表打算；（客觀跡象）預(yù)示
Look at the clouds,it is going to rain.
⑵、be to do sth.表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事情或注定要發(fā)生的事.
The line is to be opened to traffic next year.
⑶、be about to do sth. “即將或正要去做…”，常不與具體的時(shí)間副詞連用。
He is about to cross the road when he sees an old friend of his.
⑷、be doing 指最近按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用于go, start, set out, leave, arrive, come, return等動(dòng)詞
We are going to Wuhan this summer.
⑸、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，（常用于go, come, start, set out, arrive等動(dòng)詞），表示早已計(jì)劃好，到時(shí)一定發(fā)生的事，也可表示按時(shí)間進(jìn)程或時(shí)間表的安排，到時(shí)一定要發(fā)生的事
The train starts at five o’clock.
6）、將來(lái)時(shí)間表達(dá)法的用法比較：
⑴、will 和be going to：
這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都可表示“意圖”，�？苫Q。如果是事先考慮過(guò)的，即說(shuō)話(huà)之前已經(jīng)考慮過(guò)的，常用be going to 表示；如果不是事先考慮過(guò)的，即說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)刻才考慮到的，要用will表示。
另外，be going to還可表示具備已有跡象表明將發(fā)生某事，體現(xiàn)進(jìn)程已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，事情即將發(fā)生。
⑵、be going to 和 be to ：
兩者都可用于表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，即人們意志所能控制的動(dòng)作。
對(duì)于不受人們意志控制的將來(lái)動(dòng)作，也就是非人們主觀所能安排的將來(lái)動(dòng)作，只能用be going to 表示，不能用be to.
⒋ 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+ would +動(dòng)詞原形
用法：
這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)主要表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事情，它是一種相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，總是同某一過(guò)去的時(shí)間或過(guò)去的動(dòng)作相對(duì)應(yīng)而存在，常用在賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中。
（2011上海卷） 34．Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?
A．would signB．signedC．have signedD．had signed
⒌ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+ am/is/are + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
用法：
1）、說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
（2011?湖南卷）22．----Joan, what______in your hand?
-----Look! It’s a birthday gift for my grandma．
A．had you held B．a(chǎn)re you holding
C．do you hold D．will you hold
（2011遼寧卷）28．I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I _____．
A．was doing B．a(chǎn)m doing C．have done D．had been doing
（2011重慶卷）21．That price of music sounds quite familiar．Who _________the piano upstairs?
A．has played B．played C．plays D．is playing
2）、當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行）
（2011江蘇卷）21．—I hear you ______ in a pub．What’s it like?
—Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind．
A．a(chǎn)re working B．will work C．were working D．will be working
3）、表說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)主語(yǔ)的行為表贊嘆、厭惡等情緒，常與always, constantly, forever, repeatedly 等詞連用
He is constantly leaving things about.
4）、最近計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常用于go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay, meet, play等詞。
I am starting this project next tuseday.
⒍ 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+was/were +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
用法：
1）、過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻到某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
（2011浙江卷）15．The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant ______ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly．
A．gave B．gives C．was giving D．had given
I walked slowly through the market, where people all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold
2)、和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可與always, forever, constantly等詞連用，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的情緒
She was forever complaining.
3)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示對(duì)于過(guò)去某時(shí)間來(lái)說(shuō)將要發(fā)生的事情
She asked me if you were going to Qingdao.
、描寫(xiě)故事的背景
It was winter. The north wind was blowing hard and a heavy snow was falling. A poor girl was walking in the street.冬天，北風(fēng)刮著，下著大雪，一個(gè)可憐的小女孩走在大街上。
⒎ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+ have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
用法：
1）、過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，句中常有already, just, never, ever, lately, recently, , in the past+一段時(shí)間，so far等狀語(yǔ)
（2011天津卷）3．In the last few years thousands of films __________ allover the word．
A．have produced B．have been produced
C．a(chǎn)re producing D．a(chǎn)re being produced
Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved
2）、從過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
（10天津）4. We on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked
3）、用在時(shí)間、條件從句中，表示從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作之前完成
一When shall we restart our business?
一Not until we our plan．
A．will finish B．a(chǎn)re finishing C．a(chǎn)re to finish D．have finished
4）、“最高級(jí)+名詞”或“It is the + 序數(shù)詞+ time” 后的定語(yǔ)從句中。
（2011湖南卷）30．It is the most instructive lecture that I ________since I came to this school．
A．a(chǎn)ttended B．had attended C．a(chǎn)m attending D．have attended
5）、應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)應(yīng)注意：
瞬間動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)束，不能和 “for…”或 “since…”連用，但它們的否定形式可以連用。如：
We have not heard from him for ten days.我們已經(jīng)十天沒(méi)他的消息了。
另外，如果把瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)變成相應(yīng)的持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，就可和 “for…”或 “since…”連用�！ �
die → be dead leave/go → be away join → be in begin → be on fall ill →be ill finish → be over make friends → be friends return → be back borrow → keep come → be buy → have marry → be married
⒏ 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+ have/has + been +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
用法：
表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)在此階段時(shí)間里，動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行。
⑴、過(guò)去開(kāi)始而且現(xiàn)在仍在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
⑵、過(guò)去開(kāi)始，現(xiàn)在剛剛停止的動(dòng)作
⑶、現(xiàn)在看到其直接結(jié)果的動(dòng)作
（2011北京卷）23．Tom __________ in the library every night over the last three months．
A．worksB．worked
C．has been workingD．had been working
（2010江西）30 Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she ______ since her marriage to Father.
A shoulders B shouldered
C is shouldering D has been shouldering
(2010陜西）21. I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately.
A.have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough
. ----We’ve spent too much money recently.
----well, it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives __around all the time
A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming
I'm tired out. . I all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.
A. shopped B. have shopped
C. had shopped D. have been shopping
（2010天津）4. We on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked
（10江蘇）23. —why, Jack, you look so tired!
—Well, I ____the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting B. will be painting
C. have painted D. have been painting
⒐ 過(guò)去完成時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+ had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
用法：
1)、表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。
（2011?北京卷）21．Experiments of this kind in both the U．S．a(chǎn)nd Europe well before the Second World War．
A．have conducted B．have been conducted
C．had conducted D．had been conducted
（2011?四川卷）19．—What a mistake!
—Yes．I his doing it another way, but without success．A．was suggesting B．will suggest
C．would suggest D．had suggested
（2011?山東卷）35．She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _____ everything!
A．had been eating B．had eaten
C．have eaten D．have been eating
（2011?福建卷）32．Last month,the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they From China．
A．receive B．a(chǎn)re receiving
C．have received D．had received
（2010安徽）28. ----Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
----No, I _______the book, so I already knew the story?
A. was reading B. had read
C. am reading D. have read
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they __ for me.
A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing
2）、表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和for, since引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。
（2011?遼寧卷）34．By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from college．
A．graduated B．has graduated
C．had been D．had graduated
3）、用于句型：It was the +序數(shù)詞+ time that…
該句型表示到“was”時(shí)已是第幾次做某事，即在“was”前已做過(guò)某事幾次，因此該句在時(shí)間上體現(xiàn)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
4）、用于句型：It was + 時(shí)間段+ since…
該句型表示到自從做某事以來(lái)已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，即在這個(gè)（過(guò)去）時(shí)間段之前已做某事，因此該句型在時(shí)間上體現(xiàn)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”， 應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years sin ce I had enjoyed a good drink.
5）、過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望和打算，即“本打算”
We had intended to see you, but we weren’t free.
6）、用于句型：hardly\scarecely…when(before)…, 及no sooner…than… “一…就…”
Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.
⒑ 將來(lái)完成時(shí)： 構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) + shall/will + have +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
用法：表示未來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前將完成的動(dòng)作。
（2011?江蘇卷）23．-----Tommy is planning to buy a car．
----I know ．By next month ,he__enough for a used one．
A．saves B . saved C．will save D．will have saved
⒒將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) + will + be + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
用法：
⑴、表示在將來(lái)某時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
⑵、有時(shí)可表示預(yù)計(jì)即將發(fā)生或勢(shì)必要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
. ?Guess what, we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
--How nice! You a different culture then.
A. will be experiencing B. have experienced
C. have been experiencingD. will have experienced
幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)比
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：
⑴、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用于習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性做的事，常拌隨使用頻度副詞usually, often, seldom等；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于表示目前或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now, at present等。
He usually writes a lot of letters, but he isn’t writing at present.
他經(jīng)常寫(xiě)許多信，但他現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有寫(xiě)信。
⑵、表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理時(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
⑶、“感覺(jué)” 或 “短暫”動(dòng)詞，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
如：知覺(jué)動(dòng)詞：see, hear, taste, smell 等；意識(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：know, believe, like, hate, understand等
I smell burning. 我嗅到燒著的味。
He knows German best. 他很熟悉德語(yǔ)。
2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：
⑴、一般過(guò)去時(shí)可表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小說(shuō)（可能沒(méi)看完）。
I read a novel last night. 我昨晚看了一本小說(shuō)（已經(jīng)看完了）。
⑵、一般過(guò)去時(shí)可用于一個(gè)單純動(dòng)作，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于過(guò)去一段時(shí)間反復(fù)做的動(dòng)作。
Did he ask questions? 他提問(wèn)題了嗎？
He was asking questions the whole time. 他始終在提問(wèn)題。
⑶、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（側(cè)重在說(shuō)明事實(shí)），過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（強(qiáng)調(diào)在這一過(guò)程中所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或展開(kāi)的情景）
He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.
他昨天下午畫(huà)了一張畫(huà)（昨天下午他做了這么一件事）。
He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.
他昨天下午在畫(huà)畫(huà)（昨天下午他一直在畫(huà)畫(huà)，沒(méi)干別的事）。
⑷、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示當(dāng)時(shí)臨時(shí)發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作
When I was pouring the tea, I dropped a cup.
我在倒茶的時(shí)候，失手打了一個(gè)茶杯。
3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)：
⑴、兩者都表示在過(guò)去做的動(dòng)作。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，主要說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況；一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系。
They’ve gone to Paris.
他們到巴黎去了（說(shuō)明他們現(xiàn)在去巴黎了，不在這里）。
They went to Paris.
他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)巴黎（只說(shuō)明去過(guò)，不表明是否現(xiàn)在仍在那里）。
I haven’t seen him since last week.
我從上周就一直沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)他（現(xiàn)在仍未見(jiàn)到）。
I didn’t see him last week.
我上周沒(méi)看到他（只說(shuō)明上周末見(jiàn)，不說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在）。
⑵、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的任何時(shí)間，可與today, this week, since等表示包括現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，但不能和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的是過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間，或與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)的某一過(guò)去時(shí)間。
I haven’t seen the film yet. 我還沒(méi)看過(guò)這部影片（到目前為止）。
I saw it the day before yesterday.
我前天看的這部電影（表明看電影的時(shí)間是在前天）。
4、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)：
⑴、過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，在句中一般有另一過(guò)去時(shí)間或動(dòng)作與它比較，它是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，只有在和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。
She had learned some English before she came to our school.
她來(lái)我們學(xué)校以前學(xué)過(guò)一些英語(yǔ)（come to our school是過(guò)去發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，learn English是come to our school以前的情況）。
We had had breakfast when she came.
她來(lái)時(shí)，我們已經(jīng)吃過(guò)早飯了（come 是過(guò)去發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，have breakfast是發(fā)生在come之前的事情）。
⑵、如果主句所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句所表示的動(dòng)作之前，在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，在主句中就要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。反之，如果時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句所表示的動(dòng)作之前，則在從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句就用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
When I had written the letter, I went at once to post it.
我寫(xiě)好了信，馬上就寄出去。
⑶、在以連詞 after和before指明兩個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系時(shí)，after和before引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中可用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，也可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
Mary left the room after she had turned off (或turned off) the light.
瑪麗關(guān)燈以后離開(kāi)了房間。
Before he came to college, he served (或had served ) in the army.
他來(lái)上大學(xué)以前曾在部隊(duì)服役。
5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)：
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”來(lái)說(shuō)，過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或存在過(guò)的狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或其結(jié)果依然存在。而過(guò)去完成時(shí)，則是對(duì)“過(guò)去”來(lái)說(shuō)，以前發(fā)生過(guò)或完成了的動(dòng)作或存在過(guò)的狀態(tài)對(duì)其產(chǎn)生的影響或它的結(jié)果依然存在。
We haven’t heard from him for quite a long time.
我們很久沒(méi)收到他的信了（到現(xiàn)在我們都沒(méi)收到他的信）。
T hey had known each other for about a year before they got married.
他們結(jié)婚以前彼此相識(shí)約一年之久（相識(shí)一年是指他們?cè)诮Y(jié)婚以前，而不是指現(xiàn)在）。
6、一般將來(lái)時(shí)與過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：
一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示對(duì)“現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻”來(lái)說(shuō)，將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài)；而過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示對(duì)“過(guò)去時(shí)刻”來(lái)說(shuō)，將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài)。
She is sixteen, who will be seventeen next year.
她十六歲，明年將十七歲。
She said that she would be seventeen the next year.
她說(shuō)她次年將十七歲。
7、一般將來(lái)時(shí)與將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較：
⑴、Will you do sth.?
可以表示邀請(qǐng)，或表達(dá)一個(gè)有禮貌的請(qǐng)求或表達(dá)一項(xiàng)命令，而將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)沒(méi)有這些意義。如：
Will you help me with the box?
請(qǐng)你幫我搬一下這個(gè)箱子好嗎 （表示一種請(qǐng)求）？
Will you be waiting here?
你會(huì)在這里等嗎 （一個(gè)關(guān)于將來(lái)動(dòng)作的問(wèn)話(huà)）？
⑵、一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示一個(gè)帶有主觀意圖的將來(lái)動(dòng)作，將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)不帶意圖的將來(lái)動(dòng)作
I’ll write to him and tell him about it.
我要給他寫(xiě)封信，告訴他這件事 （表達(dá)個(gè)人意愿）。
We’ll be needing more and more machine.
我們將需要越來(lái)越多的機(jī)器（客觀上將勢(shì)必需要）。
8、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
⑴現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作到目前為止已經(jīng)完成；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作仍繼續(xù)。
I’ve read The Red Sun.我已經(jīng)看過(guò)《紅日》了（已經(jīng)完成）。
I have been reading The Red Sun these days.
這些天我一直在看《紅日》（仍在繼續(xù)）。
⑵、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的現(xiàn)在結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)如表示剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)不久前持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。
I have written him a letter.
我給他寫(xiě)了一封信（到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)寫(xiě)完了）。
I have been writing a letter since three o’clock.
我從三點(diǎn)以來(lái)一直在寫(xiě)信（強(qiáng)調(diào)一直在寫(xiě)，不表明是否寫(xiě)完）。
⑶、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以和一個(gè)時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用，也可以沒(méi)有時(shí)間短語(yǔ)。這樣用時(shí)，它有別于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)只有增加for, since或never等時(shí)間短語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)這種持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。
I have been practicing the piano. 我一直在練彈鋼琴。
I have lived here for five years.
我在這里住了五年了（不能說(shuō)I have lived here.）。
⑷、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般不適用于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，要表示狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的“仍在繼續(xù)”用法，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
I have known him since children.
我從小就認(rèn)識(shí)他（不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）。
主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況
(1)、某些連系動(dòng)詞(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，因?yàn)檫B系動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，它們沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式：
That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起來(lái)很危險(xiǎn)。
Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法聽(tīng)起來(lái)很好。
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意見(jiàn)證實(shí)是錯(cuò)的。
(2)、當(dāng)open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物動(dòng)詞且表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性時(shí)，通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義：
The door won’t shut. 這門(mén)關(guān)不上。
The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的門(mén)是自動(dòng)關(guān)的。
【注】該用法的不及物動(dòng)詞通常與can’t, won’t 等連用，注意它與用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含義不同：
The window won’t shut.
這窗戶(hù)關(guān)不上。(說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的屬性——窗戶(hù)有問(wèn)題了)
The window won’t be shut.
這窗戶(hù)將不用關(guān)上。(窗戶(hù)本身沒(méi)問(wèn)題，只是不用關(guān))
有時(shí)可能用主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)形式均可，只是強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)稍有不同：
Suddenly the door opened. 突然門(mén)開(kāi)了。(不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)
The door was suddenly opened. 門(mén)突然被打開(kāi)了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)
(3)、當(dāng)read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物動(dòng)詞且表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性時(shí)，通常要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義：
The cloth washes well. 這種布料好洗。
The book sells quickly. 這書(shū)銷(xiāo)售得快。
This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 這乳酪不容易切，太軟了。
This shirt will wear very long. 這襯衫可以穿很久。
【注】該用法通常與well, easily, slowly, quickly等副詞連用，并且在用于以上意思時(shí)通常不宜直接使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。不過(guò)在某些特殊情況下也可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，只是含義稍有不同(用主動(dòng)形式表示主語(yǔ)的屬性，用被動(dòng)形式表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者所執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作)：
The sentences read clearly.
這些句子讀起來(lái)很清楚。(即這句子沒(méi)有歧義)
The sentences are read clearly.
這些句子被讀得很清楚。(指讀的人讀得好)
另外，以上用法有時(shí)也可能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：
The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮著。
Is the book selling well? 這書(shū)銷(xiāo)售情況如何?
(4)、某些表示開(kāi)始和結(jié)束的動(dòng)詞(begin, start, finish, end等)，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為事物且不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義：
When does the concert begin? 音樂(lè)會(huì)什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始？
The play ended at ten o’clock. 戲10點(diǎn)鐘結(jié)束。[來(lái)源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)]
(5)、有的動(dòng)詞本身含有被動(dòng)意味，通常用主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)含義：
Where is the new film showing? 這部新電影在哪里放映?
My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被釘子鉤住了。
Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就擠滿(mǎn)了人。
（6）、某些動(dòng)詞、短語(yǔ)和句型中：
如：last, happen, take place, break out, belong to, need/want/require doing sth., be worth doing, be to blame等
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
我的家鄉(xiāng)已發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
It is known that Taiwan belongs to China.眾所周知，臺(tái)灣屬于中國(guó)。
被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示主動(dòng)含義：
如：get married 結(jié)婚，be addicted to sth.沉溺于，be seated 坐著，be lost in thought沉思著，be devoted to sth.投身于，專(zhuān)注于，be interested in sth.對(duì)某事物感興趣，be surprised 感到吃驚。
【高考真題剖析】
（10上海）31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has restored B. has been restored
C. is restoring D. is being restored
答案：【D】 本題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Restore意思為修復(fù)，而最后一句表明工程還未完成，因此為正在修復(fù)中，答案選D.
（10湖南）24. This coastal area a national wildlife reserve last year.
A. was named B. named C. is named D. names
答案：【A】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)“This coastal area”與name之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句中的last year判斷用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選A項(xiàng)。
（2011?天津卷）3．In the last few years thousands of films allover the word．
A．have produced B．have been produced
C．a(chǎn)re producing D．a(chǎn)re being produced
答案【B】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In the last few years應(yīng)該選用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，又因?yàn)閠housands of films與produce之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選擇B.
（2011?湖南卷）27 In 1942 ，Columbus_____ on the of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for an island off India．
A．lands B．landedC．has landed D．had landed
答案【B】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In 1942，所以選擇B。
（2011?湖南卷）34 In the near future, more advances in the robot technology __ by scientists．
A．a(chǎn)re making B．a(chǎn)re made C．will make D．will be made
答案【D】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In the near future，主語(yǔ)more advances與動(dòng)詞make之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以選擇D.
（2011?安徽卷）32．—I didn’t ask for the name list．Why ___on my desk? —I put it there just now in case you needed it．
A．does it land B．has it landed C．will it land D．had it landed 答案【B】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響，所以選擇B.
【真題練習(xí)】
（10上海）28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had
答案：B
考點(diǎn)：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)every few years,可判斷本句應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此答案選B。
31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has restored B. has been restored
C. is restoring D. is being restored
答案：D
考點(diǎn)：本題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
解析：Restore意思為修復(fù)，而最后一句表明工程還未完成，因此為正在修復(fù)中，答案選D.
（10福建）28. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they before leaving their hometowns.
A. promisedB. were promised
C. have promisedD. have been promised
28. 答案：D
考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
31. ?Guess what, we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. --How nice! You a different culture then.
A. will be experiencingB. have experienced
C. have been experiencingD. will have experienced31.
答案：A
考點(diǎn)：考查將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)
解析：--猜猜看，我們已經(jīng)得到了今年夏天去香港的短期簽證
--太棒了，你到時(shí)候?qū)?huì)感受到不同的文化
（10安徽）28. ----Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
----No, I _______the book, so I already knew the story?
A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read
答案：B.
考點(diǎn)：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)用法。
解析：句意為“我看過(guò)書(shū)了，已知道這個(gè)故事”。在“knew”前已看過(guò)，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
34. ----We’ve spent too much money recently.
----well, it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives _______around all the time
A. are coming B. had come
C. were coming D. have been coming
答案：D.
考點(diǎn)：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)用法。
解析：句意為“近來(lái)我們花了太多錢(qián)了。----并不驚奇，近來(lái)朋友和親戚總是來(lái)訪(fǎng)。”用have been coming表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在一直所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
（10湖南）24. This coastal area a national wildlife reserve last year.
A. was named B. named C. is named D. names
24. 答案：A
考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。
解析：根據(jù)主語(yǔ)“This coastal area”與name之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句中的last year判斷用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選A項(xiàng)。
27. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you?
A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do
27. 答案：B
考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：該空動(dòng)作發(fā)生在was just going to cut之前，即表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：“我正要剪切我的薔薇叢但（發(fā)現(xiàn)）有人已經(jīng)將它剪切了。是你干的嗎？”
31. I walked slowly through the market, where people all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold
31. 答案：B
考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：根據(jù)“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判斷此處表示“人們當(dāng)時(shí)正在出售各種水果和蔬菜”，即表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故選B項(xiàng)。
34. I'm tired out. . I all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.
A. shopped B. have shopped
C. had shopped D. have been shopping
34. 答案D
考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：句意為：“我現(xiàn)在很累。我整個(gè)下午一直在購(gòu)物，我好像什么事都沒(méi)做成似的�！庇烧Z(yǔ)境可判斷選D項(xiàng)。
（10江西） 30 Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she ______ since her marriage to Father.
A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering
答案：Ｄ
考點(diǎn)：考察時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：在本句since 表示自從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在, 所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一種。
（10山東）29. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.
A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid
答案: A
考點(diǎn)：本題考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法/被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
解析： with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成是“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”，由于table與lay(擱放)之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以空格處用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。
30. Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves
C. had saved D. has saved
答案:D
考點(diǎn)：本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。
解析：句意應(yīng)為“截止到現(xiàn)在，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)挽救了成千上萬(wàn)的本來(lái)會(huì)死去的孩子的生命�！眜p to now是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志，所以空格處使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
（10天津）4. We on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked
答案：B.
考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
句意：我們?cè)谶@項(xiàng)工程上一直工作了四個(gè)小時(shí)了。咱們休息一會(huì)。
解析：從句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for four hours和后面的句子Let’s have a rest可知，動(dòng)作從過(guò)去發(fā)生，到說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)候一直在進(jìn)行著，所以此處要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
10. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting
C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited
答案：C.
考點(diǎn)：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
句意：想剪紙一樣的天津民間傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)品正在2010上海世博會(huì)的文化展覽中展出。
解析：因?yàn)?010年上海世博會(huì)現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行著，所以像剪紙一樣的天津傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)品也是“正在被展覽”，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。
（10四川）11．In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant ．
A．to deal with B．dealing with
C．to be dealt with D．dealt with
答案：Aw
考點(diǎn)：考查不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。
解析：在某些形容詞后經(jīng)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)，此時(shí)，不定式動(dòng)作和句子的主語(yǔ)存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。又如：The apartment is comfortable to live in.
16．一When shall we restart our business? w_w w. k#s5_u. c o*m
一Not until we our plan．
A．will finish B．a(chǎn)re finishing
C．a(chǎn)re to finish D．have finished
答案：D
考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：在狀語(yǔ)從句中，經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來(lái)完成時(shí)。此處為until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，選D。意為“直到我們完成我們的計(jì)劃，我們才重新開(kāi)始我們的生意�！�
18．You’ve failed to do what you to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you．
A．will expect B．will be expected
C．expected D．were expected
答案：D m
考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：句中you與expect存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，首先排除C。又有have failed提示應(yīng)是過(guò)去你被期盼做的事，故應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí)，正確答案為D。w_w 10全國(guó)Ⅰ）21. —Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No , I ______ my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing B. would do C. has done D. do
21題 答案A
句意：—你讀完了Jane Eyre嗎？
—沒(méi)有，我昨天一直做作業(yè)。
解答：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)此題考察時(shí)態(tài)，此題可以根據(jù)句意解答，也可以使用排除法。A表示一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行且未完成的動(dòng)作使用進(jìn)行時(shí)。題干中有all day yesterday時(shí)間提示為過(guò)去，應(yīng)該選擇與過(guò)去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)，排除D。B為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)不符合題意，C過(guò)去完成時(shí)是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)題目中需要有一般過(guò)去時(shí)，題干中沒(méi)有一般過(guò)去時(shí)因此也排除。
28. When you are home , give a call to let me know you ______ safely.
A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive
28題 答案：B
句意：當(dāng)你到家的時(shí)候，打電話(huà)給我讓我知道你已經(jīng)到家了。
解答：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)此題考察時(shí)態(tài)。此題可以根據(jù)句意也可以使用排除法。 句意為“當(dāng)你到家的時(shí)候，打電話(huà)給我讓我知道你已經(jīng)到家了”B選項(xiàng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成，譯為“已經(jīng)……”。同時(shí)也可以使用排除法，arrive既可以使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)也可以用will + do表示將來(lái)，因此A和D同時(shí)排除，C為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí)句中一定要有一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，因此C也排除，選擇B.
32. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.
A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made
32題 答案：C
句意：在澳洲金礦的發(fā)現(xiàn)使千百人相信將會(huì)發(fā)財(cái)。
解答：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)此題考察時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。make fortune譯為“發(fā)財(cái)”，make在句中需要使用被動(dòng)形式，因此排除B和D，題干中l(wèi)ed提示時(shí)間為過(guò)去，因此選擇C。be to do譯為“將會(huì)將要”，was to be made表示過(guò)去將來(lái)。
（10江蘇）23. —why, Jack, you look so tired! w_w w. k#s5_u. c o*m
—Well, I _____the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting B. will be painting
C. have painted D. have been painting
選D。我給房子上油漆一直進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在，而且到明天才會(huì)完成。所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
30. —Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
—We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be
選C. 考查時(shí)態(tài)題. 我們?nèi)ズ＿叞l(fā)生在過(guò)去. 而我們忙于工作在此之前. 因此用過(guò)去完成時(shí).
（??陜西）21. I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately.
A. have been coughing B. had coughed
C. coughed D. cough
A. 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lately可知此處表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，且強(qiáng)調(diào)其持續(xù)性，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，選A。
24. It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built B. were b eing built
C. was being built D. is being built
D. 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at present可知此處動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，主語(yǔ)與所填詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；many a+名詞單數(shù)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，由此可知本題選D。
（10全國(guó)Ⅱ）9. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ________evening dress.
A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn
答案：B
解析：考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。首先the only one of …. 為先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是one，即one是主語(yǔ)，而非后面的復(fù)數(shù)women，根據(jù)主謂一致的原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，排除A，D。另外，從“is”可以看出句子是要表示一種習(xí)慣，因此要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，排除C，故選A
15. Linda make sure the table ________before the guests arrive
A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting
答案：C
解析：考查動(dòng)詞set的用法和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Set a table擺放桌子， tables為主語(yǔ)，故用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。make sure后一般接賓語(yǔ)從句。
19. Excuse me I________I was blocking your way.
A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing
答案：A
考點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)考查。[來(lái)源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)]
解析：結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，后文暗示過(guò)去時(shí)。
（10湖北）
78. Last night’s TV news said that by then the death of the missing people ________（未證實(shí)）yet. (prove)
78. 答案： had not been proved
考點(diǎn)：考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
（10遼寧）24. Joseph ______to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.
A．has been going B．went C．goes D．has gone
答案：A
句意：約瑟夫自從上個(gè)月就一直去夜校，可是他仍然不能用俄語(yǔ)說(shuō)“你叫什么名字？”。
解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句中since last month，表示“自從上個(gè)月起”根據(jù)but后的句意，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作從過(guò)去發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在一直在進(jìn)行著，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
30. I _______ all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
A．will do B．do C．a(chǎn)m doing D．had done
答案： B
句意：我為一家人做飯，但是最近我太忙不能做了。
解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。第一句表示現(xiàn)階段的一種狀況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
（10北京）22. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the words .
A. are dropped B. drop
C. are being dropped D. have dropped
22. 答案：A
考點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
解析：the "r" sounds應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)。
24. --I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
--But our friends for us.
A. will wait B. wait
C. have waited D. are waiting
24. 答案：D
考點(diǎn):本題也是在語(yǔ)境中考查學(xué)生對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的靈活運(yùn)用。
解析：第一個(gè)說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)"我還沒(méi)吃完飯呢"，而下面的人則說(shuō)"但是我們的朋友們都在等我們了"根據(jù)第一個(gè)人還沒(méi)進(jìn)行完吃飯的動(dòng)作，而第二個(gè)人又開(kāi)始催促，我們得知朋友們此時(shí)正在等他們。所以用進(jìn)行時(shí)are waiting更符合句意。
26. --I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
--Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A. hadn't made B. wouldn't make
C. don't make D. haven't made
26. 答案：D
考點(diǎn): 時(shí)態(tài)
解析：上文說(shuō)沒(méi)聽(tīng)清是幾號(hào)回來(lái)。而下文則說(shuō)很抱歉我沒(méi)說(shuō)清楚。根據(jù)句意我們只能選didn't make或者h(yuǎn)aven't made. 那落在選項(xiàng)中我們只能選擇D。A. hadn't made過(guò)去完成時(shí)表過(guò)去的過(guò)去，不符合題意。B. wouldn't make過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不正確。C一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不正確。
28. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they __ for me.
A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing
28. 答案：A
考點(diǎn):本題考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別。
解析：整個(gè)句子時(shí)態(tài)用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，我能夠表示感謝就已經(jīng)是過(guò)去，而他們對(duì)我的幫助則是過(guò)去的過(guò)去。因此選A。
（10重慶）24. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it on the market in 1973.
A. had comeB. has comeC. cameD. comes
24. 答案C
考點(diǎn)：考查時(shí)態(tài)。
解析： since引導(dǎo)的從句作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句通常用完成時(shí)，而從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以選C項(xiàng)。
29. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now.
A. remainsB. is remained
C. is remainingD. has been remained
29. 答案A
考點(diǎn)：考查時(shí)態(tài)。
解析： remain在這兒意思是“剩下，余留”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，整句話(huà)是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的陳述，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。選 A項(xiàng)。
31. -----Why do you want to work for our company?[來(lái)源:學(xué)#科#網(wǎng)Z#X#X#K]
-----This is the job that I for.
A. lookedB. am to lookC. had lookedD. have been looking
31. 答案D
考點(diǎn)：考查時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：由句意：這就是我一直尋 找的工作可知用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能持續(xù)下去。
（10浙江）5．If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you fresh watermelon in the fall.
A．eat B．would eat [來(lái)源:學(xué),科,網(wǎng)]
C．have eaten D．will be eating
答案D
考點(diǎn)：本題考查條件句的時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：根據(jù)句意：如果你在春天種下西瓜種子，你會(huì)在秋天吃到新鮮的西瓜�？梢耘袛噙@是真實(shí)的條件從句，會(huì)發(fā)生的事情，所以選擇will be eating表將來(lái)。
15．For many years, people electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.
A．had dreamed ofB．have dreamed of
C．dreamed of D．dream of
答案：B
考點(diǎn)：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：根據(jù)句意：許多年來(lái)，人們都一直夢(mèng)想著電動(dòng)汽車(chē)。然而，制造它們比想象要難得多。由此，推斷此處的夢(mèng)想從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在，并由此延伸。目前，市場(chǎng)上已經(jīng)有了電動(dòng)汽車(chē)，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí)。
（2011?天津卷）4．On the next birthday．Ann married for twenty years．【D】
A．is B．has been
C．will be D．will have been
（2011?天津卷）3．In the last few years thousands of films allover the word．【B】
A．have produced B．have been produced
C．a(chǎn)re producing D．a(chǎn)re being produced
（2011?江西卷）30．We arrived at work in the morning are _____ into the office during the night．【B】
A．broke B．had broken C．has broken D．was breaking
（2011?江西卷）28．We _____John’s name on the race lis t yesterday but for his recent injury【D】
A．will put B．will have putC．would put D．would have put
（2011?北京卷）27．—That must have been a long trip．
—Yeah, it us a whole week to get there．【C】
A．takes B．has taken C．took D．was taking
（2011?北京卷）21．Experiments of this kind in both the U．S．a(chǎn)nd Europe well before the Second World War．【D】
A．have conducted B．have been conducted
C．had conducted D．had been conducted
（2011?天津卷）15．I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me．【D】
A．had come B．was coming C．would come D．would have come
（2011?北京卷）32．—Bob has gone to California．
—Oh, can you tell me when he ?【B】
A．has left B．left C．is leaving D．would leave
（2011?四川卷）9．All visitors to this village _________ with kindness．【B】
A．treat B．a(chǎn)re treated C．a(chǎn)re treating D．had been treated
（2011?北京卷）23．Tom in the library every night over the last three months．【C】
A．works B．worked
C．have been working D．had been working
（2011?四川卷）19．—What a mistake!
—Yes．I his doing it another way, but without success．【D】
A．was suggesting B．will suggest
C．would suggest D．had suggested
（2011?全國(guó)II）9．If you don't like the drink you______ just leave it and try a different one．【A】
A．ordered B．a(chǎn)re ordering
C．will order D．had ordered
（2011?陜西卷）12．His first novel good reviews since it came out last month． 【D】
A．receives B．is receviing
C．will receive D．has received
（2011?北京卷）30．Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help．【C】
A．studied B．would st udy
C．had studied D．was studying
（2011?遼寧卷）28．I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I ．【B】
A．was doing B．a(chǎn)m doing
C．have done D．had been doing
（2011?遼寧卷）34．By the time Jack returned home from England, his son． from college．【D】
A．graduated B．has graduated
C．had been D．had graduated
（2011?湖南卷）22．----Joan, what______in your hand?
-----Look! It’s a birthday gift for my grandma．【B】
A．had you held B．a(chǎn)re you holding
C．do you hold D．will you hold
（2011?江蘇卷）21------I hear you ____ in a pub ．what’s it like?
------Well ,it’s very hand work and I’m always tired , but I don’t mind．【A】
A．a(chǎn)re workingB．will work
C．were working D．will be working
（2011?江蘇卷）23．-----Tommy is planning to buy a car．
----I know ．By next month ,he __ enough for a used one．【D】
A． saves B ．saved
C．will save D．will have saved
（2011?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷）23．Planning so far ahead no sense-so m any things will have changed by next year．【C】
A．made B．is making
C．makes D．has made
（2011?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷）24．I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he polite．【A】
A． was just being B．will just be
C．had just been D．would just be
（2011?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷）29．When Alice came to, she did not know how long she there．【A】
A．had been lying B．has been lying
C．was lying D．has lain
（2011?浙江卷）15．The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _____in his place but ,luckily ,everything was going on smoothly．【C】
A．gave B．gives C．was giving D．had given
（2011?湖南卷）27 In 1942 Columbus_______ on the of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for an island off India．【B】
A．lands B．landed C．has landed D．had landed
（2011?湖南卷）30．It is the most instructive lecture that I ________since I carne to this school．【D】
A．a(chǎn)ttended B．had attended
C．a(chǎn)m attending D．have attended
（2011?湖南卷）34 In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ______ by scientists．【D】
A．a(chǎn)re making B．a(chǎn)re made C．will make D．will be made
（2011?安徽卷）26．— What do you think of store shopping in the future?
—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____．【C】
A．will never replace B．would never replace
C．will never be replaced D．would never be replaced
（2011?安徽卷）32．—I didn’t ask for the name list．Why ______on my desk? —I put it there just now in case you needed it．【B】
A．does it landB．has it landed C．will it landD．had it landed
（2011?山東卷）31．When I got on the bus, I_____I had left my wallet at home．【B】
A．was realizingB．realized
C．have realizedD．would realize
（2011?山東卷）35．She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _____ everything!【B】
A．had been eating B．had eaten
C．have eaten D．have been eating
（2011?重慶卷）31．Look at the pride on Tom’s face．He to have been praised by the manager just now．【B】
A．seemed B．seems
C．had seemed D．is seeming
（2011?重慶卷）21．That price of music sounds quite familiar．Who _________the piano upstairs? 【D】
A．has played B．played
C．plays D．is playing
（2011?福建卷）32．Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they From China．【D】
A．receive B．a(chǎn)re receiving
C．have received D．had received
鞏固練習(xí)
1、Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Doctor Li for Beijing to join in the fight against SARS, so we only had time for a few words.
A、just left B、has just left C、is just leaving D、was just leaving
2、----If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.
----What a pity! Tina here to see you.
A、is B、was C、would be D、has been
3、He me that he here for twenty years by this year.
A、told; will teach B、tells; will have been teaching
C、told; had taught D、told; would have been teaching
4、Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People to ask ho w I am going to spend the money.
A、phone B、will phone C、were phoning D、are phoning
5、This is one of the oldest temples in China .It the 9th century.
A、is dated from B、is dated back to
C、was dated from D、dates back to
6、The new trend of the flowing army of migrant workers the attention of lawmakers and government advisers who in Beijing for their annual sessions this week.
A、caught; is gathering B、catch; have gathered
C、are catching; are gathered D、has caught; are gathering
7、The fact he didn’t recognize me means that I a lot in the past few years.
A、that; changed B、which; had changed
C、when; changed D、that; have changed
8、Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, in the clothing industry.
A、is working B、works C、work D、worked
9、----Mom, the door .My keys are locked in it again.
----You it! I told you always to carry your keys with you.
A、won’t open; have asked for B、won’t be opened
C、asked for D、can’t open; are asking for
10、Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she .
A、has done B、had done C、was doing D、is doing
11、----Why didn’t you turn up at the meeting?
----I for a long—distance call from my cousin in England.
A、waited B、had waited C、was waiting D、have been waiting
12、Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A、was called B、is called
C、had been called D、has been called
13、----We that you would fix the radio this Tuesday.
----I’m awfully sorry, sir. I to do so, but you see, I’ve been too busy.
A、had expected; had meant B、expect; want
C、expected; intend D、am expecting; have intended
14、The TV play isn’t interesting enough .
A、to watch B、to watch it C、to be watched D、watching
15、----Let’s see if the baseball game has started yet.
----Started? It must be clear who by now.
A、is winning B、wins C、has won D、would win
16、----Are you still busy?
----Yes, I my work, and it won’t take long.
A、just finish B、am just finishing C、have just finished D、am just going to finish
1-----5DBDDD 6-----10DDCCC 11----16CBAAAB
1、----Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
----I am tired. I the living room all day.
A、painted B、had painted C、have been painting D、have painted
2、The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics by 2006.[來(lái)源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK]
A、has been completed B、has completed
C、will have been completed D、will have completed
3、 he will return to his native land.
A、It is long before that B、It is before long that
C、It won’t be long before D、It will be before long that
4、His wife to catch the first train but she was too late.
A、hoping B、had hoped C、has hoped D、would hope
5、Tom said he to her, but he yet.
A、will write; didn’t B、has written; hasn’t
C、was going to write; wasn’t D、would write; hasn’t
6、Millions of pounds’worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.
A、has been caused B、had been caused
C、will be caused D、will have been caused
7、----What are you going to do this afternoon?
----I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film quite early, so we to the bookstore after that.
A、finished; are going B、finished; go
C、finishes; are going D、finishes; go
8、With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year.
A、is washing away B、is being washed away
C、are washing away D、are being washed away
9、----What’s wrong with your leg?
----I got injured in a car accident.
----I suppose you too fast.
A、were driving B、had driven
C、had been driving D、have driven
10、----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
----I , but I had an unexpected visitor.
A、had B、would C、was going to D、did
11、----Hello! Fancy meeting you here!
----Hi, Elizabeth. I how to spend the morning—until I saw you.
A、was just wondering B、have wandered
C、am just wondering D、had been wondered
12、----Does Liu Hua serve in the army?
----No, but he in the army for three years.
A、served B、has served C、is serving D、would serve
13、----This returned Chinese scholar has become one of the top experts in this field.
----Yes, I know him very well. He in Africa with animals for eight years.
A、has worked B、had worked C、worked D、has been working
14、The naughty boy! He where he leaves his things.
A、always forgets B、will always forget
C、is always forgetting D、has always forgotten
15、The girl is very shy, and never speaks until to.
A、spoken B、speaking C、speak D、be spoken
1-----5CCBBD 6-----10ACDAC 11-----15AACCA
1、The price ,but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A、went down B、will go down
C、has gone down D、was going down
2、----What’s wrong with your coat?
----Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me on it.
A、sat B、had sat C、had been sitting D、was sitting
3、The country life he was used to greatly since 1992.
A、change B、has changed C、changing D、have changed
4、I don’t really work here; I until the new secretary arrives.
A、just help out B、have just helped out
C、am just helping out D、will just help out
5、Experts think we won’t have clean water to drink unless something soon, but much remains about environment protection.
A、would be done; doing B、is done; to be done
C、will be done; to do D、is done; to do
6、Although he has lived with us for years, he us much impression.
A、hadn’t left B、didn’t leave
C、doesn’t leave D、hasn’t left
7、----Do you know our town at all?
----No. This is the first time I here.
A、was B、have been C、came D、am coming
8、Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A、being cut B、are cut C、to be cut D、are being cut
9、----I suppose Jack is late again.
----You it!
A、are guessing B、will guess C、guess D、have guessed
10、----Have you brought the camera?
----Oh, my poor memory! I before leaving home.
A、mentioned B、had been mentioned
C、have been mentioned D、have mentioned
11、----Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.
----Oh, how nice of you! I you to bring me a gift.
A、never think; are going B、never thought; were going
C、didn’t think; were going D、hadn’t thought; were going
12、It’s said that he because of his killing an old man.
A、has been held a prisoner B、has been taken a prisoner
C、was held prisoner D、was in prisoner
13、The discussion alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
A、was coming B、had come C、has come D、came
14、Now that she is out of a job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A、had considered B、has been considering
C、considered D、is going to consider
15、According to the art dealer, the painting to go for at least a million dollars.
A、is expected B、expects C、expected D、is expecting
1-----5CDBCB 6-----10CBDDB 11-----15BCDBA
1、Listen to the two girls by the window. What language ?
A、did they speak B、were they speaking
C、are they speaking D、have they been speaking
2、--- -Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
----Oh! I thought they without me.
A、went B、are going C、have gone D、had gone
3、He was hoping to go abroad but his parents that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.
A、were deciding B、have decided C、decided D、will decide
4、We plan to reach the North Pole in mid-July, and by then we for six weeks.
A、are walking B、have been walking
C、will be walking D、will have been walking
5、She a secretary for five years, but now she is a manager of a big store.
A、is B、was C、had been D、has been
6、No one this building without the permission of the police.
A、is leaving B、is to leave C、has left D、will be leaving
7、His method should be popularized; it practical.
A、proves B、is proved C、has been proved D、proved
8、It long before China on the moon.
A、will not be; will land B、is; will land
C、will not be; lands D、is; lands
9、----She didn’t take the medicine last night, did she?
---- .
A、No, but I wish she wouldn’t B、No, but I wish she had
C、Yes, but I wi sh she did D、Yes, but I wish she wouldn’t
10、----What about the books?
----Books of this kind well.
A、sell B、sells C、are sold D、is sold
11、When he came back to life, the young man found himself in a small house and everything he .
A、lay; had been stolen B、lay; was stolen
C、lying; had stolen D、lying; had been stolen
12、----Why, John ,have you changed your home phone number?
----No. But I with my uncle’s family this week.
A、have been staying B、have stayed C、am staying D、stay
13、I should very much like to have gone to that party of theirs, but .
A、I’m not invited B、I have not been invited
C、I was not invited D、I will not be invited
14、----I’ve bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.
----Oh! How good a dad! But she doesn’t like sweet things, that?
A、don’t you know B、haven’t you known
C、didn’t you know D、hadn’t you known
15、I would be sitting in a comfortable office now if I more energies to my study instead of being crazy about going online at college.
A、devoted B、would have devoted
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