Unit 7 A man who never gave up 一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容 1．本單元短語 come up with 產(chǎn)生，發(fā)現(xiàn) keep doing… 繼續(xù)做…… give up 放棄 the second most useful 第二最有用的 try out new ideas 實驗新的想法 no matter how + adj. / adv. +從句 無論怎樣…… have nothing to do with 與……無關(guān) teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 became interested in 對……感興趣 at the age of 在……歲時 see sb. doing 看見某人正在做某事 rush out 沖出去 by telegraph 通過電報 open up 建立 graduate from 畢業(yè)于…… hope to do sth. 希望做某事 turn sth. down 關(guān)小 make a strange noise 發(fā)出奇怪的聲音 work on sth. 從事，工作 It’s not a very good line. 電話線路不是很好。 2．本單元句型和交際用語 �。�1）表示“……有問題了/病了”: What’s wrong with it? What’s the matter with it? What’s the trouble with you? Which of these would you like most to…? What do you want to…? �。�2）表示打算或計劃 I’m trying to… I’ll… I want to … I hope to … I plan to … I’m going to �。�3）否定疑問 Don’t you think his radio is too noisy? Can’t you swim? Didn’t you come here? �。�4）其他 Sorry about that. Well, that’s easy. Good question. Anything else? Tomorrow if possible. That’s a good plan, isn’t it? 二、難點講解 1．I’ll be able to write faster. 我就能寫得更快些。 be able to 意思是“能夠”，相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞can，只是can 只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種(can. could)，而be able to則有更多的時態(tài)形式。例如： Some of us can use the computer now. But we couldn’t do it three years ago. 我們中有些人現(xiàn)在能使用計算機，可在三年前我們就不能。 The work is so difficult. No one is able to do it. 干這活兒很難。沒有一個人能干這活兒。 I haven’t been able to find the book. How about tomorrow? 那本書我還沒能找到。明天怎么樣？ He must be able to use the foreign language, forgetting all about his own. 他一定要能做到在使用外語的時候完全忘掉本族語。 When will you be able to help me with my Chinese? 你什么時間能夠幫助我學(xué)中文呢？ 注意：在表示允許、可能、驚異時用can或could，一般不用be able to。如： You can go now. Right now, all right? 你現(xiàn)在可以走了。馬上走，好嗎？ Can (could) 可以用來指比較委婉地提出請求，疑問或看法。而be able to 不能這樣用。如： — Can I take a message for John? — Yes, thank you. 我給約翰捎個口信好嗎? — 好的，謝謝。 Could you wait a few days for the money? I’ll return it to you in a few days. 這個錢你們等幾天行嗎？過幾天我就還給你。 另外，was able 還表示”成功地做到”，相當(dāng)于managed to do sth/succeeded in doing sth 2. We can come up with the answer together. 我們可以一起發(fā)現(xiàn)答案。 come up with (an answer)意思為find or produce a way to solve, or an answer “發(fā)現(xiàn)， 產(chǎn)生/解決辦法或答案”。但是，不能說An idea is come up with。如： — He came up with an idea for making kite. — How could he come up with this idea? — 他想出了做風(fēng)箏的辦法。 — 他怎么想出這個主意的？ 3. We just need to keep working on it and not give up. 我們需要堅持做下去，不能放棄。 （1）keep dong sth.意思為“繼續(xù)做某事”或“不斷/反復(fù)做某事”。如： Keep reading, and your English will be better and better. 堅持，你的英語會越來越好。 Keep on doing something也是繼續(xù)做某事的意思。但是，此時表示在持續(xù)的過程中時有間斷。如： He is a famous writer. He keeps on writing every day. 他是一位著名的作家。他每天都堅持寫作。 work on sth意思是“從事……工作”如： The writer is working on a new book. The scientist is working on a new plan. We must work hard on all subjects. 這位作家正在寫一部新書�？茖W(xué)家正在研究新計劃。我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)各門功課。 （2）give up 意思為“放棄，停止”，后面可跟動名詞形式作賓語。如： Give up smoking! It’s no good to you! 戒煙！煙對你沒好處！ I can do nothing more. I have to give up. 我無能為力，只好放棄。 4. Which of these do you think is the second most useful invention? 你認(rèn)為哪一個是第二有用的發(fā)明？ (1) do you think 是插入語，常置于疑問詞之后，不能置于疑問詞之前，作“你認(rèn)為……”解釋。如： — How old do you think my father is? — I think he’s fifty. — 你認(rèn)為我父親多大年紀(jì)了？ — 我想有五十歲吧。 — Who do you think will teach us English this term? — Mr Li, I think. — 你認(rèn)為這個學(xué)期誰將教我們英語？ — 我想是李教師。 (2) 在最高級前加系數(shù)詞second, third…，表示程度比較次要，意思為“居第二/ 第三位的……”。如： Changjiang River is the longest one in China. And Yellow River is the second longest one. 長江是中國最長的河流，黃河是第二長河。 Bill is the second tallest in our class. 比爾在我們班上身高第二。 (3) 注意詞型的轉(zhuǎn)換：invent v. 發(fā)明 invention n.. 發(fā)明（物） inventor n.. 發(fā)明家（者） Edison was a great inventor. He invented lots of things. During his lifetime, he had 1093 inventions. 愛迪生是個偉大的發(fā)明家。他發(fā)明里許多東西，一生中有1093項發(fā)明。 5. When he was a child, he was always asking questions and trying out ideas. 當(dāng)他還是個孩子的時候，他總是問一些問題，試驗一些新的想法。 （1）always與進行時態(tài)連用，表示說話人厭煩、贊賞、不滿、批評等情感，意為“總是……”。如： The girl behind me is always talking in class. 坐在我后面的女生上課總是講話。 （表示厭煩） The PLA are always doing good deeds for the people. 人民解放軍總是為人民做好事。 （表示贊賞） （2）try out 意為“試驗；試用”。如： The inventor is excited, and he is going to try out his new machine. His idea sounds fine, but we need to try it out in practice 這位發(fā)明家很興奮，他要試一下他的新機器。他的主意聽起來不錯，但我們要在實踐中試驗一下。 2001年高考題例：We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it ________ very well. A. worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried on 答案：A 6. Most of the questions had nothing to do with his lessons. 多數(shù)問題都與他的功課無關(guān)。 have nothing to do with 意思是“與……無關(guān)“。如： You stay in another city. This has nothing to do with your. 你在另一個城市。這跟你沒有關(guān)系。 另外： have something to do with 與……有關(guān) have much to do with 與……有很大關(guān)系 have a little to do with 與……有一點兒關(guān)系 have little to do with 與……幾乎沒有關(guān)系 注意：此處的替換詞都是不可數(shù)的，不能用many, a few，或few替換。疑問句中要用anything，如： — Did her speaking have anything to do with the question? — Yes, it did. What she said had something /much /a little(little) to do with our work. — 她的話與問題有關(guān)嗎？ — 是的，她的話和我們的工作有些關(guān)系/有很大關(guān)系/有一點兒關(guān)系(幾乎沒有關(guān)系)。 7. The teacher didn’t want to teach Tom any more. 老師再也不想教湯姆了。 not…any more 意思為“不再；再也不”相當(dāng)于not…any longer，通常可用no longer代替，在句中作狀語，表示動詞或狀態(tài)不再延續(xù)。如： I can not wait any longer /any more. = I can no longer wait. 我再也不能等了。 8. He learnt very fast and became very interested in science. 他學(xué)得很快，對自然科學(xué)產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。 be (become ) interested in …對……感興趣。注意此處是interested，不是 interesting。 That girl is (becomes ) interested in singing and dancing. My brother feels drawing is interesting. They both have their own special likes and hobbies. 那女孩對唱歌跳舞感興趣。我弟弟對畫畫感興趣。他們都有自己的喜好。 9. Edison saw a little boy playing on the railway tracks at a station. 愛迪生看見一個小男孩在車站的鐵軌上玩。 see sb doing sth 看見某人正在做某事，表示某人的動作正在進行，用現(xiàn)在分詞；see sb.do sth.看見某人做某時，表示某人的動作已結(jié)束，使用省略to的不定式。如： A thief robbed Jim’s wallet last night. Mary saw a wallet lying on the ground after that. I said I saw the thief enter the shop twice that day. 昨晚，一個小偷搶了吉姆的錢包。之后，瑪麗看見地上有個錢包。我說我曾看見那個小偷進了那家商店兩次。 10. The boy was too frightened to move. …The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send message by telegraph. 男孩嚇壞了，動不了�！泻⒌母赣H非常感激他，就教愛迪生如何通過電報發(fā)送信息。 （1） too…to…太……以致不能…… too 后只能接形容詞或副詞, too…to可以轉(zhuǎn)換成so…that…。so+形容詞/副詞+that +從句 意思為：“如此；以致于”轉(zhuǎn)換后的that從句應(yīng)是否定句。如： She is too young to do the job. = She is so young that she can’t do the job. 他太年青了，不能做這項工作。 The book is too difficult for me to read. = The book is so difficult that I can’t read. 這本書太難了，我看不懂。 I was so angry that I couldn’t speak. = I was too angry to speak. 我憤怒得說不出話來。 He spoke so fast that I could hardly follow him. = He spoke too fast for me to follow. 他講得太快，我?guī)缀趼牪欢脑挕?br> 注意后一句中follow 后面不能再接him，因為:如果不定式動詞與主語具有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，則不能再加賓語。 （2）句型such(a/an)+形容詞+名詞+that從句,也可表示 “如此……以致于……”。such后面的名詞可以是單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)。如： This is such a good book that all of us like it very much. = This is so good a book that all of us like it very much. 這是一本很好的書，所有的人都喜歡看。 She is such a good teacher that all of us love her. = She is so good a teacher that all of us love her, 她是一位好老師，我們都愛她。 注意：在such…that 句型中，當(dāng)such后的名詞有many, much, some, few, little several等詞修飾時則需用so…that句式。如： She has so few friends that she is always lonely. 她們很少有朋友，以致于總是寂寞的。 I’ve so many falls that I’m black and blue all over. 我摔了這么多跤，弄得全身青一塊紫一塊的。 11. What do you want to do after you graduate from school? 你畢業(yè)后想做什么？ 句中g(shù)raduate 作動詞，后接介詞from，如： I want to be a teacher after I graduate from school. 我畢業(yè)后想成為一位老師。 12. Don’t you think his radio is too noisy? 難道你不認(rèn)為他的收音機太吵了嗎？ 分析：這是一個否定疑問句，相當(dāng)于“難道不……?”回答以事實為根據(jù)，事實是肯定的，回答用Yes。中文翻譯為“不”；若事實是否定的，回答用No，中文翻譯為“是的”。如： — Don’t you think they speak too quickly? — Yes, I do. — 難道你不認(rèn)為她們講得太快了嗎？ — 是夠快的。 13. Let’s ask him to turn it down. 我們讓他把收音機音量關(guān)小。 turn down意思為“把音量關(guān)小“，反義詞是turn up把音量開大，類似的短語還有：turn on “打開”，turn off “關(guān)掉”，其中on, off ,down, up都為副詞，因此代詞作賓語，必須位于動詞之后，副詞之前。如： The TV is too noisy. Please turn it down. 電視機太吵了。請把音量關(guān)小。 Please turn off the lights when you leave home, and turn up the radio. Then nobody dare break in. 當(dāng)你離開家的時候，請關(guān)燈，將收音機開大一點。沒人敢闖進來。 三、語法 動詞不定式(一) 動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種。所謂非謂語動詞就是不能做謂語的動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。正因為如此，所以他不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的變化的影響，不必和主語保持一致，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。不定式是由to＋動詞原形構(gòu)成，這個to只是不定式的一個符號，沒有任何實際意義。另外，由于是動詞不定式，他自然具有了動詞的性質(zhì)，因此可以帶賓語和狀語，不定式加上它的賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。雖然不定式不能做謂語動詞，但是可以作除謂語以外的其它句子成分。 動詞不定式極其短語在本單元中出現(xiàn)的幾種語法功能： 1） 用作賓語 I’ve begun to learn English. 我已經(jīng)開始學(xué)英語。 The old man always forgets what to do. 那位老人總是忘記該做什么。 Liu Mei wanted to ask the teacher a question. 劉眉想問老師一個問題。 句中to learn English, what to do, to ask the teacher a question分別作謂語動詞begun, forgets, wanted的賓語。 動詞不定式作及物動詞的賓語，常用的及物動詞有begin, want, hope, forget, remember, like, love, need, try, ask, learn, wish, agree, choose, start：等。 2） 用作賓語補足語 Tell the child not to play on the road. 告訴孩子們不要在路上玩。 My father told me to turn the radio down. 我父親告訴我要我把收音機的音量調(diào)小些。 I often help my mother (to) do housework at home. 我經(jīng)常在家?guī)椭鷭寢屪黾覄?wù)事。 句中not to play on the road, to turn the radio down, (to) do housework at home分別作tell, told, help的賓語補足語。 注意： 1．作動詞ask, like, tell, want等的賓補時，動詞不定式要帶to。如： 2．表示感官和使欲的動詞，如：let, make, feel, hear, see, watch等，作這些動詞的賓補時，動詞不定式不帶to。如： My parents don’t let me swim in the river. 我父母不讓我在河里游泳。 Did you watch the old man get into the bus? 你注意到那位老人上了公共汽車嗎？ 3． 作動詞help的賓語補足語時，動詞不定式可帶to，也可不帶to。如： Could you help me (to) do the cooking this afternoon? 今天下午你能幫助我做飯嗎？ He can’t help me (to) mend my bike. 他不能幫我修理我的自行車。 鞏固練習(xí) Ⅰ、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式。 1．It’s not very ________ to use a pen with a machine. 2．If you keep _________ on it, you will (use) succeed. (work) 3．Which of these do you think is the most useful _________ ? (invent) 4．Isn’t it a _______ idea to fix the bike ? (fun) 5．It’s ______ to use a computer than to make one. (easy) 6．Jim Green has been to many ________ places in china. Ⅱ、選擇與劃線部分意思相同或相近的答案。 1．The man downstairs found it very difficult to get to sleep. A．bad B．easy C．hard D．impossible 2．Most of the questions had nothing to do with his lessons. A．were about B．were important C．weren’t about D．contained 3．I’m so happy that you could come to England with us for the holidays. A．a(chǎn)ngry B．glad C．a(chǎn)fraid D．hopeless 4．My friend Jim has an old photo of my family. A．phone B．home C．picture D．person Ⅲ、單項選擇 ( ) 1. Have you got the right answer to the question? You’d better ________ it together. A. come over to B. come up to C. come out D. came up to ( ) 2. Susan ________ speak Chinese since last year. A. will be able to B. was able to C. has been able to D. is able to ( ) 3. No matter ________ hard the life was ,Tom never gave up. A. how B. when C. where D. what ( ) 4. I will make him ________ it again. A. to try B. try C. trying D. tries ( ) 5. That’s ________ I’ve come ________ you. A. what, to see B. why, to see C. how, to see D. why, seeing ( ) 6. The little boy is always interested ________ music. A. with B. by C. in D. at ( ) 7. I want to learn how ________ quickly. A. run B. to run C. runs D. ran ( ) 8. Why didn’t you tell her ________ her own? A. use B. used C. to use D. using ( ) 9. She is old enough ________ to school. A. going B. to go C. and goes D. go ( ) 10. He ________ carefully, but he could ________ nothing. A. see, look B. looked, see C. saw, look D. looked, saw ( ) 11. Did you see him ________ on the station tracks just now? A. sitting B. to see C. sat D. sits ( ) 12. I don’t understand why he always has ________ work to do. A. so many B. so much C. such a lot D. such many Ⅳ、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式。 1．You’re tall enough _________ (reach) the book on the shelf. 2．Please ask you father ________ (turn) down his radio a little. The baby is asleep. 3．Is it easy ________ (fix) the car. 4．I really hope _________ (do) something more for you. 5．Tom planned ________(find) a job in a foreign company. 6．When I saw a boy _________ (play) on the railway tracks, I rushed out __________ (save) him. 7．He has finally given up __________ (smoke). 8．I’ll teach you how ________ (send) message by radio. 9．If you keep ______ (try) out new ideas, you’ll invent something sooner or later. 10．Did the accident have anything _______ (do) with his careless driving? Ⅴ、根據(jù)漢語意思，完成下列各句。 1．這個方法不錯，但我們需要在實踐中試試。 The idea _______________________ but we need _______________in practice. 2．我們對自己要充滿信心。 We’re full of______________________________________________. 3．這場交通事故與他無關(guān)。 The traffic accident ________________________________________. 4．湯姆是個孩子時，他就創(chuàng)辦了自己的理科實驗室。 Tom _______________________________ when he was a child. 5．我認(rèn)為這是我人生的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。我決不能放棄我個人的想法。 I thought this was a ___________________________. I would _______________________. my __________________________. Ⅵ、句型轉(zhuǎn)換，保持原意不變。 1．He used the money to buy a TV set. _____________________ he bought a TV set. 2．The box isn’t light enough to carry. The box is ________________________________. 3．The shoes are very small. She can’t wear them. The shoes are ______ small ___________________________________wear. 4．He can’t come here on time. He _____________________________________________ on time. 5．Jim’s family visited Mount Emei when they stayed in china. Jim’s family visited Mount Emei ___________________ in China. 6．No matter how hard it was, he never stooped learning. _________________________ hard it was, he never _______________________ learning. 7．What he said wasn’t about our lessons at all. What he said __________________________________ our lessons. 8．At the age of 10, she started drawing. She ______________________ drawing _________________ she ____________________. 參考答案 Ⅰ、1、useful 2、working 3、inventions 4、funny 5、easier 6、interesting Ⅱ、1、C 2、C 3、B 4、C Ⅲ、 1—5 B C A B B 6—10 C B C B B 11—12 A B Ⅳ1、to reach 2、to turn 3、to fill 4、to do 5、to find 6、playing, to save 7、smoking 8、to send 9、trying 10、to do Ⅴ、1、seems fine, to try out 2、confidence in ourselves 3、had nothing to do with him 4、opened up / built up a science lab 5、new start in lifetime, never give up, own ideas Ⅵ、1、with the money 2、too heavy to carry 3、too, for her to 4、aren’t be able to come here 5、during their stay 6、How ever, gave up
